Two perceptual structures (based on colors) and one semantic structure (based on names) of eight basic chromatic colors were obtained from three judged similarity tasks for 41 Mandarin Chinese-speaking females in Taiwan and 35 English-speaking females in the United States. Major findings include the following: (i) there are robust and reliable individual differences among individuals, (ii) the structures for Chinese and English speakers are similar, and (iii) the semantic structure of color names is similar to the perceptual structures of colors. The results place strong constraints on theories relating to individual differences, linguistic relativity, and the relation of perceptual and semantic structures for colors.