This review examines current technologies for increasing the bioavailability of antibiotics by means of liposomes or nanoparticles. The main focus is on liposomes. These carriers were preferentially developed because their composition is compatible with biological constituents. Biodegradable polymers in the form of colloidal particles have also been used and show promise for future applications in antimicrobial chemotherapy. The in vivo behaviour of both types of carriers and consequently their therapeutic potential, are determined by their route of administration. Conventional carrier strategies permit the mononuclear phagocyte system to be targeted by intravenous injection of antibiotics. Stealthy strategies avoid major uptake by these cells and extend the systemic presence of these carriers. The purpose of this review is to provide background information in antibiotic targeting gathered from papers published over the last twenty years. It seems clear that such drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles) allow increased drug concentration at infected sites but reduce drug toxicity.