OBJECTIVE:

To review the literature on the diagnosis, prevalence, and treatment of the septate uterus, with special reference to hysteroscopic metroplasty and its effect on reproductive outcome.

DESIGN:

Pertinent studies were identified through a computer MEDLINE search. References of selected articles were hand-searched for additional citations.

RESULT(S):

Reliable diagnosis of the septate uterus depends on accurate assessment of the uterine fundal contour. At present, the combined use of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, although recent reports of two-dimensional, transvaginal, contrast ultrasound and of three-dimensional ultrasound appear promising. The prevalence of the septate uterus is increased in women with repeated pregnancy loss. A metaanalysis of published retrospective data comparing pregnancy outcome before and after hysteroscopic septoplasty indicated a marked improvement after surgery.

CONCLUSION(S):

The hysteroscopic approach to treatment, with its simplicity, minimal postoperative sequelae, and improved reproductive outcome, has enabled a more liberalized approach to treatment that is now being extended to include not only patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and premature labor but also patients with infertility, especially if IVF is being contemplated.