J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):6197-202.

Identification of biased amino acid substitution patterns in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients treated with protease inhibitors.

Shafer RW, Hsu P, Patick AK, Craig C, Brendel V.

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Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA. rshafer@cmgm.stanford.edu

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) amino acid substitutions observed during antiretroviral drug therapy may be caused by drug selection, non-drug-related evolution, or sampling error introduced by the sequencing process. We analyzed HIV-1 sequences from 371 untreated patients and from 178 patients receiving a single protease inhibitor. Amino acid substitution patterns during treatment were compared with inferred substitution patterns arising evolutionarily without treatment. Our results suggest that most treatment-associated amino acid substitutions are caused by selective drug pressure, including substitutions not previously associated with drug resistance.

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Identification of biased amino acid substitution patterns in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients treated with protease inhibitors.

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