In roe deer, barking is a loud call commonly given by males and females during inter- or intraspecific interactions. The analysis of a set of 19 spectral variables computed on 560 calls revealed significant variation between sexes, individuals, and probably age classes. Discriminant analysis predicted the sex of an individual with a 93.5% probability from a small portion of the bark frequency range. Among six males, a linear combination of six variables predicted the identity of the barking individual with a 70% probability. These sexual and individual differences provide the potential for social recognition from vocalizations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that barking in roe deer may allow remote signalling of presence, location and identity, and play an important role in the territorial system of this species.