CONTEXT: In cutaneous melanoma, tumor depth remains the best biologic predictor of patient survival. Detection of prognostically favorable lesions may be associated with improved survival in patients with melanoma. OBJECTIVE: To determine melanoma detection patterns and relate them to tumor thickness. DESIGN: Interview survey. SETTING AND PATIENTS: All patients with newly detected primary cutaneous melanoma at the Melanoma Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, between June 1995 and June 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Tumor thickness grouped according to detection source. RESULTS: Of the 102 patients (47 men, 55 women) in the study, the majority of melanomas were self-detected (55%), followed by detection by physician (24%), spouse (12%), and others (10%). Physicians were more likely to detect thinner lesions than were patients who detected their own melanomas (median thickness, 0.23 mm vs 0.9 mm; P<.001). When grouped according to thickness, 11 (46%) of 24 physician-detected melanomas were in situ, vs only 8 (14%) of 56 patient-detected melanomas. Physician detection was associated with an increase in the probability of detecting thinner (< or =0.75 mm) melanomas (relative risk, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.1; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: Thinner melanomas are more likely to have been detected by physicians. Increased awareness by all physicians may result in greater detection of early melanomas.