ELISA detection of phage-displayed Cry1Ac fusion proteins. Cry1Ac-expressing phage, 1Ac-fUSE5 and SZ-1Ac, and their respective control phages, WT-fUSE5 (no insert) and SZ-FAb (antibody insert), were compared with purified, trypsin-activated HD-73 Cry1Ac in an ELISA. The numbers on the horizontal axis refer to different units per well for the fUSE5 phage, SurfZAP phage, and purified Cry1Ac toxin as indicated on the figure. Ten times more SurfZAP (SZ) phage than fUSE5 phage was applied per well per dilution in order to obtain absorbance readings in the same range. For SurfZAP phage, the results from one trial are shown (n = 2). For fUSE5 phage and HD-73 Cry1Ac, the means of results from two different trials are plotted (n = 4). Mean A450 (n = 2) values for the individual trials for purified Cry1Ac were (trial 1) 0.021, 0.112, 0.366, 1.137, and 2.422 and (trial 2) 0.029, 0.109, 0.333, 1.170, and 3.426, for 0.1, 0.3, 1.1, 3.3 and 11.0 ng of toxin, respectively. Mean A450 (n = 2) values for the individual trials for 1Ac-fUSE5 phage were (trial 1) 0.173, 0.506, 1.243, and 1.521 and (trial 2) 0.213, 0.308, 1.04, and 2.255 for 3.3 × 107, 1.1 × 108, 3.3 × 108, and 1 × 109 TU, respectively. All A450 values for WT-fUSE5 phage in both trials were below 0.050.