PMC

Cost effectiveness acceptability curve. Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

One-way sensitivity analysis and tornado diagram of incremental cost-effectiveness of MRI screening. Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.

Scatter plot of incremental cost and effectiveness for 10,000 simulations. Ellipse indicates 95% confidence limit. Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

Markov model for annual breast cancer screening with MRI and Mammography. Women begin in the Markov stages “MRI screen” or “Mammography” and alternate every 6 months (in the mammography alone arm, the “MRI screen” state is replaced with a 6-month interval with no screen). Women with positive screening results move through the right side of the model; those with no cancer (false positives) return to screening, while cancer cases continue to treatment, by stage at diagnosis. Women with cancer whose screening results are negative (false negatives) are screened once more; if their cancer remains undetected they are classified as having non-screen-detected cancers, and proceed through treatment.