This model suggests an approach for tracking changes in psychological adaptation, biobehavioral processes and cancer pathogenesis and clinical outcomes following a psychosocial intervention designed to address cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal processes as intervention targets to modulate cancer patients’ stress responses during cancer treatment. Psychosocial interventions are hypothesized to decrease chronic stress, negative affect and social adversity. Improvements in psychological adaptation are hypothesized to facilitate decreases in SNS activation, HPA axis dysregulation, inflammation and cellular immune deficits. These alterations in stress-related biobehavioral processes may decrease the likelihood of cancer pathogenic processes associated with tumor cell survival, growth, invasion and metastasis, which could precede clinical outcomes such as disease recurrence, co-morbidities and mortality. Alterations in stress-related biobehavioral processes may also influence clinical outcomes (e.g., co-morbidities) independent of the cancer pathogenic processes listed.