PMC

Map showing the location of the 26 urban (filled circles), suburban (open circles) and rural (filled triangles) populations under study. The inner contour encompasses the city center of Ghent, the outer contour encompasses the surrounding municipalities.

Scatter plot of the first two PCoA axes of genetic variation (based on pairwise F_ST values) between 26 house sparrow populations. Filled circles (urban populations), open circles (suburban populations), filled triangles (rural populations).

Graphical display of the four steps to detect the true number of clusters (following ). (a) and (e): L(K), mean posterior likelihood (±s.d.) over 10 runs for each K value. (b) and (f): L′(K), first order rate of change in the posterior likelihood (±s.d.). (c) and (g): L′′(K), absolute value of the second order rate of change in the posterior likelihood (±s.d.). (d) and (h): ΔK, mean absolute values of L′′(K) over s.d. of L(K). (a–d): STRUCTURE analysis (), (e–h): INSTRUCT analysis ().