PMC

Comparison of acetazolamide and dexamethasone pretreatment on adrenomedullin (ADM). A: pretreatment with dexamethasone increased ADM values in AMS-S subjects during hypoxia (4 h, P < 0.10; and 9 h P < 0.05). The shaded bars behind the figure represent placebo ADM values for AMS-R subjects to better visualize placebo comparisons between AMS-S and AMS-R. B: dexamethasone tended to increase ADM at baseline in AMS-R subjects at baseline only. Symbols are as defined in legend. Significant comparisons between placebo and drug pretreatment are designated in the figure by placebo vs. acetazolamide, or placebo vs. dexamethasone (P-D). Values are estimated marginal means ± SE.

Comparison of acetazolamide and dexamethasone pretreatment on heat shock protein (HSP)-70. A: acetazolamide (P < 0.001) and dexamethasone (P < 0.05) pretreatment increased HSP-70 in AMS-S compared with placebo. Acetazolamide increased HSP at −15 h and tended to do so at both 4 and 9 h in AMS-S. The shaded bars behind the figure represent placebo HSP-70 values for AMS-R subjects to better visualize placebo comparisons between AMS-S than AMS-R. B: dexamethasone and acetazolamide tended to increase HSP-70 at 9 h in AMS-R; no other significant drug effects were noted. Symbols are as defined in legend. Significant comparisons between placebo and drug pretreatment are designated in the figure by placebo vs. acetazolamide (P-A), or placebo vs. dexamethasone. Values are estimated marginal means ± SE.

Comparison of acetazolamide and dexamethasone pretreatment on interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA). Acetazolamide pretreatment increased IL-1RA compared with placebo in acute mountain sickness-susceptible subjects (AMS-S; P < 0.01; A), such that values were equivalent to the acute mountain sickness-resistant (AMS-R) group during hypoxia (P = nonsignificant; B). Dexamethasone had no effect in AMS-S. Neither drug influenced IL-1RA in AMS-R, with the exception of a tendency for dexamethasone to decrease IL-1RA relative to placebo at 4 and 9 h. The shaded bars behind the AMS-S figure (A) represent placebo IL-1RA values for AMS-R subjects to better visualize placebo comparisons between AMS-S and AMS-R subjects. Placebo, solid triangle with solid line; acetazolamide, solid circle, dotted line; dexamethasone, solid square, dashed line. Significant comparisons between placebo and drug pretreatment are designated in the figure by placebo vs. acetazolamide, or placebo vs. dexamethasone. Values are estimated marginal means ± SE.