Figure 3 Neurobehavioral performance during baseline and chronic partial sleep deprivation for the DQB1*0602 groups
Mean (±SEM) scores per trial on the (A) Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), (B) “fresh-tired” visual analog scale (VAS), (C) Profile of Mood States (POMS)-Fatigue scale, and (D) Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) lapses (>500 msec reaction times) per trial, (E) total number correct per trial on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST) and on the (F) Digit Span (DS) task, during baseline (B) and each partial sleep deprivation/restriction night (SR1–SR5) for DQB1*0602-negative subjects (open circles) and DQB1*0602-positive subjects (closed circles). Overall, DQB1*0602-positive subjects were more sleepy and fatigued as indicated by higher KSS, VAS, and POMS-Fatigue scores (denoted by **, p < 0.05). These scores all increased across chronic PSD (denoted by *, p < 0.05). Notably, the DQB1*0602-positive subjects also showed differentially larger increases in fatigue across chronic PSD than DQB1*0602-negative subjects (Panel C; denoted by †, p < 0.05). By contrast, although both groups showed increased PVT lapses (denoted by *, p < 0.05) and intersubject variability across chronic PSD, there were no differential responses in lapses nor did one group show more lapses at baseline or during chronic PSD. DSST scores failed to show significant changes across chronic PSD, or differential changes across days or group differences. DS total correct scores declined across chronic PSD (denoted by *, p < 0.05), but did not show significant group differences or differential changes.