PMC

Changes in fingertip blood osmolality across the three study periods. Blood osmolality values correspond each of twelve (i.e., M1-M12) fingertip collections. Values marked with an asterisk (*) differed significantly from the M1 reference values of 335 and 352 mOsm/kg for the Control and Experimental groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Short dashed lines represent one-side SE bars.

Changes in fingertip blood pH across the three study periods. Blood pH values correspond each of twelve (i.e., M1-M12) fingertip collections. Values marked with an asterisk (*) differed significantly from the M1 reference values of 7.53 and 7.52 for the Control and Experimental groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Short dashed lines represent one-side SE bars.

Changes in 24-hour urine output (L/day) across the three study periods. Changes are shown relative to the very first collection (i.e., urine measurement 1, or M1). Individual values were calculated as a difference between the measured value at each of the 12 measurements and the measured value at M1. Values marked with an asterisk (*) differed significantly from the M1 reference value of zero liters (P < 0.05). Short dashed lines represent one-side SE bars.