A, induction of adipogenesis and osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells and preadipocytes. MSC and PA were incubated in induction medium for adipogenesis or osteogenesis for 7–10 days. Upper panel, adipogenesis in MSC and PA, light microscopy (×100); lower panel, osteogenesis in MSC and PA, Alizarin staining and light microscopy (×100). B and C, comparison of WNT-5a expression in human mesenchymal stem cells and preadipocytes. Preconfluent human MSC and PA were lysed by RIPA buffer, and Western blotting was performed for WNT-5a. B, representative Western blot of MSC and PA from three independent human individuals each. C, statistical analysis of Western blotting experiments of MSC or PA from n = 5 independent individuals each. Wnt-5a expression was normalized to the amount of total protein. Mean ± S.E. Student's t test; *, p < 0.05. rel., relative.