Effect of cancer stage, chemotherapy, and T-cell phenotype on IFN-α- and IFN-γ-stimulated fold-changes in pSTAT1 in cancer patients and healthy controls. PBMCs were stimulated with IFN-α, IFN-γ, or unstimulated and pSTAT1 was measured by Phosflow in T, B, and NK cells from healthy controls (H open squares), BC patients with stage II (BC II filled diamonds), stage III (BC III open circles), stage IV (BC IV filled circles) disease, BC patients not treated (BC –), and BC patients treated with chemotherapy (BC +) and stage III–IV melanoma patients (Mel filled triangles). Naive, effector, and memory T-cell subsets were gated based on CD27 and CD45RA expression. (A) IFN-α- T cells; (B) IFN-α- B cells; (C) IFN-α- NK cells; (D) IFN-γ-T cells; (E) IFN-γ- B cells; (F) IFN-γ- NK cells; (G) IFN-α- T, B, and NK cells from BC patients not treated (BC–) or treated (BC+) with chemotherapy; (H) IFN-γ- T, B, and NK cells from BC– or BC+ patients; (I) IFN-α- naive, effector, and memory T cells; (J) IFN-γ- naive, effector, and memory T cells [(A–H) BC patients, (I–J) Mel patients). The median is indicated by the bar in each data set. Two-sided Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare values from cancer patients with age-matched healthy controls; P-values less than 0.05 are denoted; #1 P = 0.00447, #2 P = 0.03327, #3 P = 0.03985, #4 P = 0.00077, #5 P = 0.02690, #6 P = 0.01180, #7 P = 0.01107, #8 P = 0.00108, #9 P = 0.00286, #10 P = 0.01019, #11 P = 0.01349, #12 P = 0.00069, #13 P = 0.04490, #14 P = 0.00037, #15 P = 0.00764, #16 P = 0.00339, #17 P = 0.00527, #18 P = 0.00233, #19 P = 0.00131, #20 P = 0.01806, #21 P = 0.03107. There was no significant difference in the frequency of T-cell phenotypes between melanoma patients and healthy controls. P-values and estimated differences with 95% CI for each comparison are shown in Table S1A.