PMC

Regional distributions of P. falciparum DHFR genotypes among Indian isolates. Mutated amino acids are shown in boldface. n, number of isolates analyzed.

Group and regional (inset) distributions of the total numbers of mutations in the DHFR and DHPS loci. n, number of isolates.

Expected SP sensitivities among isolates from two groups of patients and their regional distributions (inset). The expected clinical sensitivity was derived from the DHFR and DHPS genotypes combined, as described in the text.

Mutation rates in the P. falciparum DHPS enzyme sequence among two groups of isolates. A comparison of the rates of mutation in individual codons between the two groups is shown in the inset. The asterisks are explained in the legend to Fig. .

Mutations in the loci for DHFR (A) and DHPS (B) of P. falciparum isolates from India. n, number of isolates analyzed. The amino acid sequence is shown at the top of each lane, where mutated amino acids are shown in boldface. The mutated codons are shaded.

Mutation rates in the P. falciparum DHFR enzyme sequence among two groups of isolates (groups A and B). A comparison of the rates of mutation in individual codons between the two groups is shown in the inset. The number of samples in each group is shown in parentheses. The chi-square test with Yates' correction was used to compare values between two groups (*, P < 0.05; **, not significant; ***, not applicable).