PMC

Anti-Id antibodies induced by DNA scFv-FrC vaccines. Each pair of columns represents mean antibody levels induced by individual DNA human scFv-FrC vaccines. For each pair, the grey column indicates levels at day 21, black column at day 63. Anti-Id levels were measured in individual mice. Mean values are represented in arbitrary units to compare antibody levels at day 21 and 63. Bars indicate SEM.

Effect of prevaccination with TT on induction of anti-Id antibodies by patients' DNAscFv–FrC vaccines. Groups of six mice were prevaccinated with TT/alum (black columns) or alum (grey columns) at day −42. Mice were injected patient's DNAscFv–FrC vaccine at day 0, 21 and 42 and bled at days 21, 42 and 63 to measure anti-Id antibody levels. Bars indicate SEM.

Assessment of the specificity of anti-Id responses for private Id determinants. Binding to each patient's Id immunoglobulin (left column) represents reactivity with determinants on the whole variable region (arbitrarily 100%). The presence of 50% normal human serum blocks reactivity with public determinants, leaving only antibodies against private Id determinants (right column). In each case, there was evidence for reactivity against private Id expressed by natural Id immunoglobulin, demonstrating optimal folding of the scFv expressed in vivo.