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Commentaries Inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by Sam68ΔC: multiple targets but a common mechanism? Alan Cochrane PMCID: PMC2651844 A historical reflection on the discovery of human retroviruses Anders Vahlne PMCID: PMC2686671 The co-receptor signaling model of HIV-1 pathogenesis in peripheral CD4 T cells Yuntao Wu PMCID: PMC2679705 Memories of John N. Brady: scientist, mentor and friend Cynthia A Pise-Masison and Susan J Marriott PMCID: PMC2693500 The 14th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and related retroviruses (July 1–4, 2009; Salvador, Brazil) Luc Willems PMCID: PMC2734551 siRNA and shRNA screens advance key understanding of host factors required for HIV-1 replication Kin-Hang Kok, Ting Lei, and Dong-Yan Jin PMCID: PMC2743632 E box motifs as mediators of proviral latency of human retroviruses Jean-Michel Terme, Sébastien Calvignac, Madeleine Duc Dodon, Louis Gazzolo, and Albert Jordan PMCID: PMC2749803 On the steps of cell-to-cell HIV transmission between CD4 T cells Isabel Puigdomènech, Marta Massanella, Cecilia Cabrera, Bonaventura Clotet, and Julià Blanco PMCID: PMC2768678 Towards a genetic AIDS vaccine Antonia V Bordería and Ben Berkhout PMCID: PMC2766360 The Infectious Diseases BioBank at King's College London: archiving samples from patients infected with HIV to facilitate translational research Rachel Williams, Christine Mant, and John Cason PMCID: PMC2779177 David D. Derse, 1949-2009 Maureen Shuh PMCID: PMC2793252 Correspondence HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms are associated with prior antiretroviral drug exposure Sebastiaan J van Hal, Belinda Herring, Zaquan Deris, Bin Wang, Nitin K Saksena, and Dominic E Dwyer PMCID: PMC2649883 The Spanish HIV BioBank: a model of cooperative HIV research Isabel García-Merino, Natividad de las Cuevas, José Luis Jiménez, Jorge Gallego, Coral Gómez, Cristina Prieto, Ma Jesús Serramía, Raquel Lorente, Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, and Spanish HIV BioBank PMCID: PMC2667474 Editorials The importance of individualized article-specific metrics for evaluating research productivity Kuan-Teh Jeang PMCID: PMC2757017 HIV vaccine: it may take two to tango, but no party time yet Ben Berkhout and William A Paxton PMCID: PMC2765936 Endogenous Retroviruses: Thierry Heidmann wins the 2009 Retrovirology prize Ali Saib and Monsef Benkirane PMCID: PMC2791754 Two standards of care for HIV: Why are Africans being short-changed? Mark A Wainberg PMCID: PMC2789723 Research MDM2 is a novel E3 ligase for HIV-1 Vif Taisuke Izumi, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Kotaro Shirakawa, Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Katsuhiko Itoh, Katsuhiro Io, Masashi Matsui, Kazuhiro Iwai, Hiroshi Kondoh, Toshihiro Sato, Mitsunori Tomonaga, Satoru Ikeda, Hirofumi Akari, Yoshio Koyanagi, Jun Fujita, and Takashi Uchiyama PMCID: PMC2629459 Human cyclin T1 expression ameliorates a T-cell-specific transcriptional limitation for HIV in transgenic rats, but is not sufficient for a spreading infection of prototypic R5 HIV-1 strains ex vivo Nico Michel, Christine Goffinet, Kerstin Ganter, Ina Allespach, Vineet N KewalRamani, Mohammed Saifuddin, Dan R Littman, Warner C Greene, Mark A Goldsmith, and Oliver T Keppler PMCID: PMC2631513 Identification of two distinct structural regions in a human porcine endogenous retrovirus receptor, HuPAR2, contributing to function for viral entry Katherine T Marcucci, Takele Argaw, Carolyn A Wilson, and Daniel R Salomon PMCID: PMC2630988 Dynamic features of the selective pressure on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 CD4-binding site in a group of long term non progressor (LTNP) subjects Filippo Canducci, Maria Chiara Marinozzi, Michela Sampaolo, Stefano Berrè, Patrizia Bagnarelli, Massimo Degano, Giulia Gallotta, Benedetta Mazzi, Philippe Lemey, Roberto Burioni, and Massimo Clementi PMCID: PMC2639529 Microarray study reveals that HIV-1 induces rapid type-I interferon-dependent p53 mRNA up-regulation in human primary CD4+ T cells Michaël Imbeault, Michel Ouellet, and Michel J Tremblay PMCID: PMC2637825 Determinants in HIV-1 Nef for enhancement of virus replication and depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo Stefanie Homann, Nadine Tibroni, Ingo Baumann, Serkan Sertel, Oliver T Keppler, and Oliver T Fackler PMCID: PMC2630989 Anti-adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma effects of indole-3-carbinol Yoshiaki Machijima, Chie Ishikawa, Shigeki Sawada, Taeko Okudaira, Jun-nosuke Uchihara, Yuetsu Tanaka, Naoya Taira, and Naoki Mori PMCID: PMC2635345 Ancient, independent evolution and distinct molecular features of the novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 William M Switzer, Marco Salemi, Shoukat H Qari, Hongwei Jia, Rebecca R Gray, Aris Katzourakis, Susan J Marriott, Kendle N Pryor, Nathan D Wolfe, Donald S Burke, Thomas M Folks, and Walid Heneine PMCID: PMC2647524 Rev and Rex proteins of human complex retroviruses function with the MMTV Rem-responsive element Jennifer A Mertz, Mary M Lozano, and Jaquelin P Dudley PMCID: PMC2661877 HIV-1 exploits importin 7 to maximize nuclear import of its DNA genome Lyubov Zaitseva, Peter Cherepanov, Lada Leyens, Sam J Wilson, Jane Rasaiyaah, and Ariberto Fassati PMCID: PMC2660290 Destabilization of the TAR hairpin leads to extension of the polyA hairpin and inhibition of HIV-1 polyadenylation Martine M Vrolijk, Alex Harwig, Ben Berkhout, and Atze T Das PMCID: PMC2645353 Effects of the K65R and K65R/M184V reverse transcriptase mutations in subtype C HIV on enzyme function and drug resistance Hong-Tao Xu, Jorge L Martinez-Cajas, Michel L Ntemgwa, Dimitrios Coutsinos, Fernando A Frankel, Bluma G Brenner, and Mark A Wainberg PMCID: PMC2644664 Massively parallel pyrosequencing highlights minority variants in the HIV-1 env quasispecies deriving from lymphomonocyte sub-populations Gabriella Rozera, Isabella Abbate, Alessandro Bruselles, Crhysoula Vlassi, Gianpiero D'Offizi, Pasquale Narciso, Giovanni Chillemi, Mattia Prosperi, Giuseppe Ippolito, and Maria R Capobianchi PMCID: PMC2660291 APOBEC3G induces a hypermutation gradient: purifying selection at multiple steps during HIV-1 replication results in levels of G-to-A mutations that are high in DNA, intermediate in cellular viral RNA, and low in virion RNA Rebecca A Russell, Michael D Moore, Wei-Shau Hu, and Vinay K Pathak PMCID: PMC2657108 Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) encodes a stable signal peptide with biological properties distinct from Rec Alessia Ruggieri, Esther Maldener, Marlies Sauter, Nikolaus Mueller-Lantzsch, Eckart Meese, Oliver T Fackler, and Jens Mayer PMCID: PMC2649029 HIV-1 TAR miRNA protects against apoptosis by altering cellular gene expression Zachary Klase, Rafael Winograd, Jeremiah Davis, Lawrence Carpio, Richard Hildreth, Mohammad Heydarian, Sidney Fu, Timothy McCaffrey, Eti Meiri, Mila Ayash-Rashkovsky, Shlomit Gilad, Zwi Bentwich, and Fatah Kashanchi PMCID: PMC2654423 In vivo expression of the HBZ gene of HTLV-1 correlates with proviral load, inflammatory markers and disease severity in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Mineki Saito, Toshio Matsuzaki, Yorifumi Satou, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Kousuke Saito, Kimiyoshi Arimura, Masao Matsuoka, and Yoshiro Ohara PMCID: PMC2653460 Recruitment of HIV-1 envelope occurs subsequent to lipid mixing: a fluorescence microscopic evidence Miao-Ping Chien, Chi-Hui Lin, and Ding-Kwo Chang PMCID: PMC2653015 Modulation of HIV-1 infectivity and cyclophilin A-dependence by Gag sequence and target cell type Saori Matsuoka, Elisabeth Dam, Denise Lecossier, François Clavel, and Allan J Hance PMCID: PMC2653016 APOBEC3G mRNA expression in exposed seronegative and early stage HIV infected individuals decreases with removal of exposure and with disease progression Joel A Vázquez-Pérez, Christopher E Ormsby, Ramón Hernández-Juan, Klintsy J Torres, and Gustavo Reyes-Terán PMCID: PMC2661038 Suppression of HIV-1 replication by microRNA effectors Christine Chable-Bessia, Oussama Meziane, Daniel Latreille, Robinson Triboulet, Alessia Zamborlini, Alexandre Wagschal, Jean-Marc Jacquet, Jacques Reynes, Yves Levy, Ali Saib, Yamina Bennasser, and Monsef Benkirane PMCID: PMC2657893 A role for CD81 on the late steps of HIV-1 replication in a chronically infected T cell line Boyan Grigorov, Valérie Attuil-Audenis, Fabien Perugi, Martine Nedelec, Sarah Watson, Claudine Pique, Jean-Luc Darlix, Hélène Conjeaud, and Delphine Muriaux PMCID: PMC2657109 A dose-effect relationship for deltaretrovirus-dependent leukemogenesis in sheep Carole Pomier, Maria Teresa Sanchez Alcaraz, Christophe Debacq, Agnes Lançon, Pierre Kerkhofs, Lucas Willems, Eric Wattel, and Franck Mortreux PMCID: PMC2670259 A novel HIV-1 restriction factor that is biologically distinct from APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in a human T cell line CEM.NKR Tao Zhou, Yanxing Han, Ying Dang, Xiaojun Wang, and Yong-Hui Zheng PMCID: PMC2676246 Accuracy estimation of foamy virus genome copying Kathleen Gärtner, Tatiana Wiktorowicz, Jeonghae Park, Ayalew Mergia, Axel Rethwilm, and Carsten Scheller PMCID: PMC2678077 Isolation and characterization of a small antiretroviral molecule affecting HIV-1 capsid morphology Samir Abdurahman, Ákos Végvári, Michael Levi, Stefan Höglund, Marita Högberg, Weimin Tong, Ivan Romero, Jan Balzarini, and Anders Vahlne PMCID: PMC2670814 Induction of p21CIP1/WAF1 expression by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax requires transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization Ling Zhang, Huijun Zhi, Meihong Liu, Yu-Liang Kuo, and Chou-Zen Giam PMCID: PMC2676247 Conservation of Nef function across highly diverse lineages of SIVsmm Jan Schmökel, Hui Li, Elizabeth Bailes, Michael Schindler, Guido Silvestri, Beatrice H Hahn, Cristian Apetrei, and Frank Kirchhoff PMCID: PMC2678078 Analysis of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus W env loci clarifies the origin of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus env sequences Georg Laufer, Jens Mayer, Benedikt F Mueller, Nikolaus Mueller-Lantzsch, and Klemens Ruprecht PMCID: PMC2672075 Close phylogenetic relationship between Angolan and Romanian HIV-1 subtype F1 isolates Monick L Guimarães, Ana Carolina P Vicente, Koko Otsuki, Rosa Ferreira FC da Silva, Moises Francisco, Filomena Gomes da Silva, Ducelina Serrano, Mariza G Morgado, and Gonzalo Bello PMCID: PMC2680801 TLR2 and TLR4 triggering exerts contrasting effects with regard to HIV-1 infection of human dendritic cells and subsequent virus transfer to CD4+ T cells Sandra Thibault, Rémi Fromentin, Mélanie R Tardif, and Michel J Tremblay PMCID: PMC2691729 Synergistic effect of human CycT1 and CRM1 on HIV-1 propagation in rat T cells and macrophages Hiroyuki Okada, Xianfeng Zhang, Ismael Ben Fofana, Mika Nagai, Hajime Suzuki, Takashi Ohashi, and Hisatoshi Shida PMCID: PMC2693497 The triple combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine and efavirenz shows synergistic anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro: a mechanism of action study Joy Y Feng, John K Ly, Florence Myrick, Derrick Goodman, Kirsten L White, Evguenia S Svarovskaia, Katyna Borroto-Esoda, and Michael D Miller PMCID: PMC2693498 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 CRF07_BC strains circulating in the Xinjiang Province of China Liying Ma, Yanfang Guo, Lin Yuan, Yang Huang, Jianping Sun, Shuiling Qu, Xiaoling Yu, Zhefeng Meng, Xiang He, Shibo Jiang, and Yiming Shao PMCID: PMC2693499 Proteasome-independent degradation of HIV-1 in naturally non-permissive human placental trophoblast cells Anna Laura Ross, Claude Cannou, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, and Elisabeth Menu PMCID: PMC2689159 In vitro nuclear interactome of the HIV-1 Tat protein Virginie W Gautier, Lili Gu, Niaobh O'Donoghue, Stephen Pennington, Noreen Sheehy, and William W Hall PMCID: PMC2702331 Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe: a phylogeographic approach Dimitrios Paraskevis, Oliver Pybus, Gkikas Magiorkinis, Angelos Hatzakis, Annemarie MJ Wensing, David A van de Vijver, Jan Albert, Guiseppe Angarano, Birgitta Åsjö, Claudia Balotta, Enzo Boeri, Ricardo Camacho, Marie-Laure Chaix, Suzie Coughlan, Dominique Costagliola, Andrea De Luca, Carmen de Mendoza, Inge Derdelinckx, Zehava Grossman, Osama Hamouda, IM Hoepelman, Andrzej Horban, Klaus Korn, Claudia Kücherer, Thomas Leitner, Clive Loveday, Eilidh MacRae, I Maljkovic-Berry, Laurence Meyer, Claus Nielsen, Eline LM Op de Coul, Vidar Ormaasen, Luc Perrin, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl, Lidia Ruiz, Mika O Salminen, Jean-Claude Schmit, Rob Schuurman, Vincent Soriano, J Stanczak, Maja Stanojevic, Daniel Struck, Kristel Van Laethem, M Violin, Sabine Yerly, Maurizio Zazzi, Charles A Boucher, and Anne-Mieke Vandamme PMCID: PMC2717046 Multiple-infection and recombination in HIV-1 within a longitudinal cohort of women Alan R Templeton, Melissa G Kramer, Joseph Jarvis, Jeanne Kowalski, Stephen Gange, Michael F Schneider, Qiujia Shao, Guang Wen Zhang, Mei-Fen Yeh, Hua-Ling Tsai, Hong Zhang, and Richard B Markham PMCID: PMC2700066 96 shRNAs designed for maximal coverage of HIV-1 variants Glen John Mcintyre, Jennifer Lynne Groneman, Yi-Hsin Yu, Angel Jaramillo, Sylvie Shen, and Tanya Lynn Applegate PMCID: PMC2698899 Intracellular interactions between APOBEC3G, RNA, and HIV-1 Gag: APOBEC3G multimerization is dependent on its association with RNA Yeshitila N Friew, Vitaly Boyko, Wei-Shau Hu, and Vinay K Pathak PMCID: PMC2700067 Nef gene evolution from a single transmitted strain in acute SIV infection Benjamin N Bimber, Pauline Chugh, Elena E Giorgi, Baek Kim, Anthony L Almudevar, Stephen Dewhurst, David H O'Connor, and Ha Youn Lee PMCID: PMC2701916 Genotyping of TRIM5 locus in northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina), a primate species susceptible to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection Yi-Qun Kuang, Xia Tang, Feng-Liang Liu, Xue-Long Jiang, Ya-Ping Zhang, Guangxia Gao, and Yong-Tang Zheng PMCID: PMC2703620 OVEX1, a novel chicken endogenous retrovirus with sex-specific and left-right asymmetrical expression in gonads Danièle Carré-Eusèbe, Noëlline Coudouel, and Solange Magre PMCID: PMC2717909 Role of complement and antibodies in controlling infection with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques vaccinated with replication-deficient viral vectors Barbara Falkensammer, Barbara Rubner, Alexander Hiltgartner, Doris Wilflingseder, Christiane Stahl Hennig, Seraphin Kuate, Klaus Überla, Stephen Norley, Alexander Strasak, Paul Racz, and Heribert Stoiber PMCID: PMC2713197 Discovery of novel targets for multi-epitope vaccines: Screening of HIV-1 genomes using association rule mining Sinu Paul and Helen Piontkivska PMCID: PMC2716299 Tetraspanins regulate cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 Dimitry N Krementsov, Jia Weng, Marie Lambelé, Nathan H Roy, and Markus Thali PMCID: PMC2714829 Pathogenic infection of Macaca nemestrina with a CCR5-tropic subtype-C simian-human immunodeficiency virus On Ho, Kay Larsen, Patricia Polacino, Yun Li, David Anderson, Ruijiang Song, Ruth M Ruprecht, and Shiu-Lok Hu PMCID: PMC2720380 Cross-packaging of genetically distinct mouse and primate retroviral RNAs Noura Salem Al Dhaheri, Pretty Susan Phillip, Akela Ghazawi, Jahabar Ali, Elizabeth Beebi, Soumeya Ali Jaballah, and Tahir A Rizvi PMCID: PMC2723071 Proviral integrations and expression of endogenous Avian leucosis virus during long term selection for high and low body weight in two chicken lines Sojeong Ka, Susanne Kerje, Lina Bornold, Ulrika Liljegren, Paul B Siegel, Leif Andersson, and Finn Hallböök PMCID: PMC2717048 Modification of a loop sequence between α-helices 6 and 7 of virus capsid (CA) protein in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) derivative that has simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239) vif and CA α-helices 4 and 5 loop improves replication in cynomolgus monkey cells Ayumu Kuroishi, Akatsuki Saito, Yasuhiro Shingai, Tatsuo Shioda, Masako Nomaguchi, Akio Adachi, Hirofumi Akari, and Emi E Nakayama PMCID: PMC2731049 Unique features of HLA-mediated HIV evolution in a Mexican cohort: a comparative study Santiago Avila-Rios, Christopher E Ormsby, Jonathan M Carlson, Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce, Juan Blanco-Heredia, Daniela Garrido-Rodriguez, Claudia Garcia-Morales, David Heckerman, Zabrina L Brumme, Simon Mallal, Mina John, Enrique Espinosa, and Gustavo Reyes-Teran PMCID: PMC2734549 Involvement of TORC2, a CREB co-activator, in the in vivo-specific transcriptional control of HTLV-1 Shiwen Jiang, Takefumi Inada, Masakazu Tanaka, Rika A Furuta, Koh Shingu, and Jun-ichi Fujisawa PMCID: PMC2734550 Mechanism of HIV-1 Tat RNA translation and its activation by the Tat protein Nicolas Charnay, Roland Ivanyi-Nagy, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Théophile Ohlmann, Marcelo López-Lastra, and Jean-Luc Darlix PMCID: PMC2739156 Complementation of diverse HIV-1 Env defects through cooperative subunit interactions: a general property of the functional trimer Karl Salzwedel and Edward A Berger PMCID: PMC2738651 The formation of cysteine-linked dimers of BST-2/tetherin is important for inhibition of HIV-1 virus release but not for sensitivity to Vpu Amy J Andrew, Eri Miyagi, Sandra Kao, and Klaus Strebel PMCID: PMC2754425 Identification of a novel motif responsible for the distinctive transforming activity of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type 1 Tax1 protein from HTLV-2 Tax2 Toshiyuki Shoji, Masaya Higuchi, Rie Kondo, Masahiko Takahashi, Masayasu Oie, Yuetsu Tanaka, Yutaka Aoyagi, and Masahiro Fujii PMCID: PMC2754985 Visualizing fusion of pseudotyped HIV-1 particles in real time by live cell microscopy Peter Koch, Marko Lampe, William J Godinez, Barbara Müller, Karl Rohr, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, and Maik J Lehmann PMCID: PMC2762461 Perinatal acquisition of drug-resistant HIV-1 infection: mechanisms and long-term outcome Constance Delaugerre, Marie-Laure Chaix, Stephane Blanche, Josiane Warszawski, Dorine Cornet, Catherine Dollfus, Veronique Schneider, Marianne Burgard, Albert Faye, Laurent Mandelbrot, Roland Tubiana, Christine Rouzioux, and the ANRS French Perinatal Cohort PMCID: PMC2756278 Six host range variants of the xenotropic/polytropic gammaretroviruses define determinants for entry in the XPR1 cell surface receptor Yuhe Yan, Qingping Liu, and Christine A Kozak PMCID: PMC2768677 Inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by Ciclopirox and Deferiprone, drugs that prevent hypusination of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A Mainul Hoque, Hartmut M Hanauske-Abel, Paul Palumbo, Deepti Saxena, Darlene D'Alliessi Gandolfi, Myung Hee Park, Tsafi Pe'ery, and Michael B Mathews PMCID: PMC2770518 Lack of evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus(XMRV) in German prostate cancer patients Oliver Hohn, Hans Krause, Pia Barbarotto, Lars Niederstadt, Nadine Beimforde, Joachim Denner, Kurt Miller, Reinhard Kurth, and Norbert Bannert PMCID: PMC2770519 Biochemical and virological analysis of the 18-residue C-terminal tail of HIV-1 integrase Mohd J Dar, Blandine Monel, Lavanya Krishnan, Ming-Chieh Shun, Francesca Di Nunzio, Dag E Helland, and Alan Engelman PMCID: PMC2770994 An EIAV field isolate reveals much higher levels of subtype variability than currently reported for the equine lentivirus family Jodi K Craigo, Shannon Barnes, Baoshan Zhang, Sheila J Cook, Laryssa Howe, Charles J Issel, and Ronald C Montelaro PMCID: PMC2770520 Genetic characterization of the complete genome of a highly divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) type 3 from a wild Cercopithecus mona monkey David M Sintasath, Nathan D Wolfe, Hao Qiang Zheng, Matthew LeBreton, Martine Peeters, Ubald Tamoufe, Cyrille F Djoko, Joseph LD Diffo, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Walid Heneine, and William M Switzer PMCID: PMC2777865 Encapsidation of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions involves lipid raft association and does not correlate with APOBEC3G oligomerization Mohammad A Khan, Ritu Goila-Gaur, Sandra Kao, Eri Miyagi, Robert C Walker, Jr, and Klaus Strebel PMCID: PMC2776001 RT-SHIV subpopulation dynamics in infected macaques during anti-HIV therapy Wei Shao, Mary Kearney, Frank Maldarelli, John W Mellors, Robert M Stephens, Jeffrey D Lifson, Vineet N KewalRamani, Zandrea Ambrose, John M Coffin, and Sarah E Palmer PMCID: PMC2776578 Reduced levels of reactive oxygen species correlate with inhibition of apoptosis, rise in thioredoxin expression and increased bovine leukemia virus proviral loads Amel Baya Bouzar, Mathieu Boxus, Arnaud Florins, Carole François, Michal Reichert, and Luc Willems PMCID: PMC2779800 Comparative biochemical analysis of HIV-1 subtype B and C integrase enzymes Tamara Bar-Magen, Richard D Sloan, Verena H Faltenbacher, Daniel A Donahue, Björn D Kuhl, Maureen Oliveira, Hongtao Xu, and Mark A Wainberg PMCID: PMC2779801 B cells and monocytes from patients with active multiple sclerosis exhibit increased surface expression of both HERV-H Env and HERV-W Env, accompanied by increased seroreactivity Tomasz Brudek, Tove Christensen, Lars Aagaard, Thor Petersen, Hans J Hansen, and Anné Møller-Larsen PMCID: PMC2780989 Phosphorylation regulates human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Rex function Matthew Kesic, Rami Doueiri, Michael Ward, O John Semmes, and Patrick L Green PMCID: PMC2780990 Dynamics of viral replication in blood and lymphoid tissues during SIVmac251 infection of macaques Abdelkrim Mannioui, Olivier Bourry, Pierre Sellier, Benoit Delache, Patricia Brochard, Thibault Andrieu, Bruno Vaslin, Ingrid Karlsson, Pierre Roques, and Roger Le Grand PMCID: PMC2789052 Identification of an endogenous retroviral envelope gene with fusogenic activity and placenta-specific expression in the rabbit: a new "syncytin" in a third order of mammals Odile Heidmann, Cécile Vernochet, Anne Dupressoir, and Thierry Heidmann PMCID: PMC2789053 DNA double strand break repair enzymes function at multiple steps in retroviral infection Yasuteru Sakurai, Kenshi Komatsu, Kazunaga Agematsu, and Masao Matsuoka PMCID: PMC2797772 Reviews Mechanisms employed by retroviruses to exploit host factors for translational control of a complicated proteome Cheryl Bolinger and Kathleen Boris-Lawrie PMCID: PMC2657110 When is it time for reverse transcription to start and go? Marylène Mougel, Laurent Houzet, and Jean-Luc Darlix PMCID: PMC2656454 Raltegravir, elvitegravir, and metoogravir: the birth of "me-too" HIV-1 integrase inhibitors Erik Serrao, Srinivas Odde, Kavya Ramkumar, and Nouri Neamati PMCID: PMC2660292 What does the structure-function relationship of the HIV-1 Tat protein teach us about developing an AIDS vaccine? Grant R Campbell and Erwann P Loret PMCID: PMC2693501 HIV interactions with monocytes and dendritic cells: viral latency and reservoirs Christopher M Coleman and Li Wu PMCID: PMC2697150 The HBZ gene, a key player in HTLV-1 pathogenesis Masao Matsuoka and Patrick L Green PMCID: PMC2731725 The utilization of humanized mouse models for the study of human retroviral infections Rachel Van Duyne, Caitlin Pedati, Irene Guendel, Lawrence Carpio, Kylene Kehn-Hall, Mohammed Saifuddin, and Fatah Kashanchi PMCID: PMC2743631 Role of the Fas/FasL pathway in HIV or SIV disease Bhawna Poonia, C David Pauza, and Maria S Salvato PMCID: PMC2772842 Molecular control of HIV-1 postintegration latency: implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies Laurence Colin and Carine Van Lint PMCID: PMC2797771 Short Reports Increased neutrophil apoptosis in chronically SIV-infected macaques Carole Elbim, Valérie Monceaux, Stéphanie François, Bruno Hurtrel, Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo, and Jérome Estaquier PMCID: PMC2667475 High level expression of the anti-retroviral protein APOBEC3G is induced by influenza A virus but does not confer antiviral activity Eva-K Pauli, Mirco Schmolke, Henning Hofmann, Christina Ehrhardt, Egbert Flory, Carsten Münk, and Stephan Ludwig PMCID: PMC2672920 "Shock and kill" effects of class I-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors in combination with the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine in cell line models for HIV-1 quiescence Andrea Savarino, Antonello Mai, Sandro Norelli, Sary El Daker, Sergio Valente, Dante Rotili, Lucia Altucci, Anna Teresa Palamara, and Enrico Garaci PMCID: PMC2697151 Comparative study on the effect of human BST-2/Tetherin on HIV-1 release in cells of various species Kei Sato, Seiji P Yamamoto, Naoko Misawa, Takeshi Yoshida, Takayuki Miyazawa, and Yoshio Koyanagi PMCID: PMC2702332 Reactivation from latency displays HIV particle budding at plasma membrane, accompanying CD44 upregulation and recruitment Mari Suyama, Eriko Daikoku, Toshiyuki Goto, Kouichi Sano, and Yuko Morikawa PMCID: PMC2714482 Ethnic differences in the adaptation rate of HIV gp120 from a vaccine trial Marcos Pérez-Losada, David Posada, Miguel Arenas, David V Jobes, Faruk Sinangil, Phillip W Berman, and Keith A Crandall PMCID: PMC2717047 Enhanced macrophage tropism of HIV in brain and lymphoid tissues is associated with sensitivity to the broadly neutralizing CD4 binding site antibody b12 Rebecca L Dunfee, Elaine R Thomas, and Dana Gabuzda PMCID: PMC2717910 Identification of a high incidence region for retroviral vector integration near exon 1 of the LMO2 locus Koichiro Yamada, Tomonori Tsukahara, Kazuhisa Yoshino, Katsuhiko Kojima, Hideyuki Agawa, Yuki Yamashita, Yuji Amano, Mariko Hatta, Yasunori Matsuzaki, Naoki Kurotori, Keiko Wakui, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Ryosuke Osada, Tanri Shiozawa, Kazuo Sakashita, Kenichi Koike, Satoru Kumaki, Nobuyuki Tanaka, and Toshikazu Takeshita PMCID: PMC2742512 Unintended spread of a biosafety level 2 recombinant retrovirus Alexander Stang, Elisabeth Petrasch-Parwez, Sabine Brandt, Rolf Dermietzel, Helmut E Meyer, Kai Stühler, Sven-T Liffers, Klaus Überla, and Thomas Grunwald PMCID: PMC2760500 Human APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase edits HBV DNA Minerva Cervantes Gonzalez, Rodolphe Suspène, Michel Henry, Denise Guétard, Simon Wain-Hobson, and Jean-Pierre Vartanian PMCID: PMC2770521 TRIM5α and TRIMCyp form apparent hexamers and their multimeric state is not affected by exposure to restriction-sensitive viruses or by treatment with pharmacological inhibitors Marie-Édith Nepveu-Traversy, Julie Bérubé, and Lionel Berthoux PMCID: PMC2774676 Correction Raltegravir, elvitegravir, and metoogravir: the birth of "me-too" HIV-1 integrase inhibitors Erik Serrao, Srinivas Odde, Kavya Ramkumar, and Nouri Neamati PMCID: PMC2672074 Corrects: Erik Serrao, et al. Raltegravir, elvitegravir, and metoogravir: the birth of "me-too" HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Retrovirology. 2009; 6: 25. Other Issues: Journal List
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