OBJECTIVE: This evaluated the long-term outcome after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) from below D1 to D4, using a single-site access technique for primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs is a distressing and often socially disabling condition. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is considered the treatment of choice, causing minimal morbidity and high initial success rates. However, data regarding long-term results are scarce. METHODS: Two hundred seventy of 323 patients (83.7%), in whom 480 sympathectomies were performed, answered a questionnaire after a mean of 14.6 years postoperatively regarding the early postoperative result, side effects, and complications caused by the operation and long-term results with particular emphasis on patient satisfaction. RESULTS: There was no postoperative mortality and no major complications requiring surgical reintervention. A majority of the patients (98.1%) were relieved, and 95.5% were satisfied initially. Permanent side effects included compensatory sweating in 67.4%, gustatory sweating in 50.7% and Horner's trias in 2.5%. However, patient satisfaction declined over time, although only 1.5% recurred. This left only 66.7% satisfied, and a 26.7% partially satisfied. Compensatory and gustatory sweating were the most frequently stated reasons for dissatisfaction. Individuals operated for axillary hyperhidrosis without palmar involvement were significantly less satisfied (33.3% and 46.2%, respectively).