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Journal List > Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A > v.74(11); Nov 1977

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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 November; 74(11): 5088–5090.
PMCID: PMC432104
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Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms.
C R Woese and G E Fox
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Abstract
A phylogenetic analysis based upon ribosomal RNA sequence characterization reveals that living systems represent one of three aboriginal lines of descent: (i) the eubacteria, comprising all typical bacteria; (ii) the archaebacteria, containing methanogenic bacteria; and (iii) the urkaryotes, now represented in the cytoplasmic component of eukaryotic cells.
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Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • Zablen LB, Kissil MS, Woese CR, Buetow DE. Phylogenetic origin of the chloroplast and prokaryotic nature of its ribosomal RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2418–2422. [PubMed]
  • Bonen L, Doolittle WF. On the prokaryotic nature of red algal chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2310–2314. [PubMed]
  • Bonen L, Cunningham RS, Gray MW, Doolittle WF. Wheat embryo mitochondrial 18S ribosomal RNA: evidence for its prokaryotic nature. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Mar;4(3):663–671. [PubMed]
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  • Fitch WM. The molecular evolution of cytochrome c in eukaryotes. J Mol Evol. 1976 Jun 23;8(1):13–40. [PubMed]
  • Sogin SJ, Sogin ML, Woese CR. Phylogenetic measurement in procaryotes by primary structural characterization. J Mol Evol. 1971;1(1):173–184. [PubMed]
  • Woese CR, Fox GE, Zablen L, Uchida T, Bonen L, Pechman K, Lewis BJ, Stahl D. Conservation of primary structure in 16S ribosomal RNA. Nature. 1975 Mar 6;254(5495):83–86. [PubMed]
  • Uchida T, Bonen L, Schaup HW, Lewis BJ, Zablen L, Woese C. The use of ribonuclease U2 in RNA sequence determination. Some corrections in the catalog of oligomers produced by ribonuclease T1 digestion of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. J Mol Evol. 1974 Feb 28;3(1):63–77. [PubMed]
  • Zablen L, Woese CR. Procaryote phylogeny IV: concerning the phylogenetic status of a photosynthetic bacterium. J Mol Evol. 1975 Jun 9;5(1):25–34. [PubMed]
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  • Fox George E, Magrum Linda J, Balch William E, Wolfe Ralph S, Woese Carl R. Classification of methanogenic bacteria by 16S ribosomal RNA characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4537–4541. [PubMed]
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