pmc logo image
Logo of jbacterJ Bacteriol SubscriptionsJ Bacteriol Web Site

Formats:

J Bacteriol. 1994 August; 176(16): 5116–5122.
PMCID: PMC196352
Structural and functional analyses of mutant Fur proteins with impaired regulatory function.
A M Wertheimer, M E Tolmasky, L A Actis, and J H Crosa
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098.
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum Fur mutants, 775met9 and 775met11, were characterized. V. anguillarum 775met9 had a change of D to G at position 104 located in the carboxy terminus resulting in impaired Fur activity.Computer analysis predicts perturbation of an alpha-helix in the carboxy terminus which may interfere with Fur protein conformation. Strain 775met11 had a change in the start codon resulting in no protein synthesis. The mutants are unstable, and reversion to the wild type occurs frequently.
Full text
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.3M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
Images in this article
Click on the image to see a larger version.
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • Actis LA, Potter SA, Crosa JH. Iron-regulated outer membrane protein OM2 of Vibrio anguillarum is encoded by virulence plasmid pJM1. J Bacteriol. 1985 Feb;161(2):736–742. [PubMed]
  • Bagg A, Neilands JB. Ferric uptake regulation protein acts as a repressor, employing iron (II) as a cofactor to bind the operator of an iron transport operon in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1987 Aug 25;26(17):5471–5477. [PubMed]
  • Berish SA, Subbarao S, Chen CY, Trees DL, Morse SA. Identification and cloning of a fur homolog from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun. 1993 Nov;61(11):4599–4606. [PubMed]
  • Birnboim HC, Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. [PubMed]
  • Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. [PubMed]
  • Brennan RG. The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff. Cell. 1993 Sep 10;74(5):773–776. [PubMed]
  • Calderwood SB, Mekalanos JJ. Confirmation of the Fur operator site by insertion of a synthetic oligonucleotide into an operon fusion plasmid. J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):1015–1017. [PubMed]
  • Cohen SN, Chang AC, Hsu L. Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Aug;69(8):2110–2114. [PubMed]
  • Coy M, Neilands JB. Structural dynamics and functional domains of the fur protein. Biochemistry. 1991 Aug 20;30(33):8201–8210. [PubMed]
  • Crosa JH. A plasmid associated with virulence in the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum specifies an iron-sequestering system. Nature. 1980 Apr 10;284(5756):566–568. [PubMed]
  • Crosa JH. Genetics and molecular biology of siderophore-mediated iron transport in bacteria. Microbiol Rev. 1989 Dec;53(4):517–530. [PubMed]
  • Crosa JH, Hodges LL. Outer membrane proteins induced under conditions of iron limitation in the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum 775. Infect Immun. 1981 Jan;31(1):223–227. [PubMed]
  • De Lorenzo V, Herrero M, Giovannini F, Neilands JB. Fur (ferric uptake regulation) protein and CAP (catabolite-activator protein) modulate transcription of fur gene in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1988 May 2;173(3):537–546. [PubMed]
  • de Lorenzo V, Wee S, Herrero M, Neilands JB. Operator sequences of the aerobactin operon of plasmid ColV-K30 binding the ferric uptake regulation (fur) repressor. J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2624–2630. [PubMed]
  • Gammie AE, Tolmasky ME, Crosa JH. Functional characterization of a replication initiator protein. J Bacteriol. 1993 Jun;175(11):3563–3569. [PubMed]
  • Hantke K. Cloning of the repressor protein gene of iron-regulated systems in Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;197(2):337–341. [PubMed]
  • Hantke K. Selection procedure for deregulated iron transport mutants (fur) in Escherichia coli K 12: fur not only affects iron metabolism. Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Nov;210(1):135–139. [PubMed]
  • Litwin CM, Boyko SA, Calderwood SB. Cloning, sequencing, and transcriptional regulation of the Vibrio cholerae fur gene. J Bacteriol. 1992 Mar;174(6):1897–1903. [PubMed]
  • Litwin CM, Calderwood SB. Cloning and genetic analysis of the Vibrio vulnificus fur gene and construction of a fur mutant by in vivo marker exchange. J Bacteriol. 1993 Feb;175(3):706–715. [PubMed]
  • Presta LG, Rose GD. Helix signals in proteins. Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1632–1641. [PubMed]
  • Prince RW, Cox CD, Vasil ML. Coordinate regulation of siderophore and exotoxin A production: molecular cloning and sequencing of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fur gene. J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(9):2589–2598. [PubMed]
  • Putnam SL, Koch AL. Complications in the simplest cellular enzyme assay: lysis of Escherichia coli for the assay of beta-galactosidase. Anal Biochem. 1975 Feb;63(2):350–360. [PubMed]
  • Richardson JS, Richardson DC. Amino acid preferences for specific locations at the ends of alpha helices. Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1648–1652. [PubMed]
  • Saito T, Williams RJ. The binding of the ferric uptake regulation protein to a DNA fragment. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Apr 10;197(1):43–47. [PubMed]
  • Salinas PC, Tolmasky ME, Crosa JH. Regulation of the iron uptake system in Vibrio anguillarum: evidence for a cooperative effect between two transcriptional activators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3529–3533. [PubMed]
  • Salinas PC, Waldbeser LS, Crosa JH. Regulation of the expression of bacterial iron transport genes: possible role of an antisense RNA as a repressor. Gene. 1993 Jan 15;123(1):33–38. [PubMed]
  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. [PubMed]
  • Schäffer S, Hantke K, Braun V. Nucleotide sequence of the iron regulatory gene fur. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(1):110–113. [PubMed]
  • Staggs TM, Perry RD. Identification and cloning of a fur regulatory gene in Yersinia pestis. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):417–425. [PubMed]
  • Studier FW, Rosenberg AH, Dunn JJ, Dubendorff JW. Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct expression of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 1990;185:60–89. [PubMed]
  • Tabor S, Richardson CC. A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1074–1078. [PubMed]
  • Tolmasky ME, Actis LA, Crosa JH. Genetic analysis of the iron uptake region of the Vibrio anguillarum plasmid pJM1: molecular cloning of genetic determinants encoding a novel trans activator of siderophore biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1913–1919. [PubMed]
  • Tolmasky ME, Crosa JH. Molecular cloning and expression of genetic determinants for the iron uptake system mediated by the Vibrio anguillarum plasmid pJM1. J Bacteriol. 1984 Dec;160(3):860–866. [PubMed]
  • Tolmasky ME, Wertheimer AM, Actis LA, Crosa JH. Characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum fur gene: role in regulation of expression of the FatA outer membrane protein and catechols. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jan;176(1):213–220. [PubMed]
  • Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350–4354. [PubMed]
  • Vieira J, Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. [PubMed]
  • Waldbeser LS, Tolmasky ME, Actis LA, Crosa JH. Mechanisms for negative regulation by iron of the fatA outer membrane protein gene expression in Vibrio anguillarum 775. J Biol Chem. 1993 May 15;268(14):10433–10439. [PubMed]