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Journal List > J Exp Anal Behav > v.8(3); May 1965

Formats:
J Exp Anal Behav. 1965 May; 8(3): 189–194.
doi: 10.1901/jeab.1965.8-189.
PMCID: PMC1338389
Copyright notice
Punishment by SD associated with fixed-ratio reinforcement1
Donald M. Thompson
1This research was supported in part by NIMH Grant MH-04920 to F. W. Finger and L. S. Reid. Thanks are due to G. M. Gerken, D. G. Mook, and L. S. Reid for their constructive criticism of the manuscript. Reprints may be obtained from the author, Psychology Dept., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Abstract
Two pigeons were trained with positive reinforcement on a multiple FR VI 2 schedule. The VI 2 component was held constant while the FR component was changed from ratios of 1 to 300. After responding had stabilized at each FR value, VI responses produced briefly either the fixed-ratio SD or a stimulus uncorrelated with either schedule component. Compared to the effects of the uncorrelated stimulus change, the fixed-ratio SD produced a decrease in VI responding proportional to the size of the FR requirement. It is concluded that stimuli associated with high FR schedules served as punishment for the ongoing behavior.
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Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • APPEL JB. Aversive aspects of a schedule of positive reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jul;6:423–428. [PubMed]
  • AZRIN NH. Effects of punishment intensity during variable-interval reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1960 Apr;3:123–142. [PubMed]
  • AZRIN NH. Time-out from positive reinforcement. Science. 1961 Feb 10;133:382–383. [PubMed]
  • Findley JD. Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling. J Exp Anal Behav. 1958 Apr;1(2):123–144. [PubMed]
  • KELLEHER RT, GOLLUB LR. A review of positive conditioned reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1962 Oct;5:543–597. [PubMed]
  • REYNOLDS GS. Relativity of response rate and reinforcement frequency in a multiple schedule. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Apr;4:179–184. [PubMed]
  • THOMPSON DM. ESCAPE FROM SD ASSOCIATED WITH FIXED-RATIO REINFORCEMENT. J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 Jan;7:1–8. [PubMed]
  • ZIMMERMAN J, FERSTER CB. SOME NOTES ON TIME OUT FROM REINFORCEMENT. J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 Jan;7:13–19. [PubMed]
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