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Journal List > J Exp Anal Behav > v.19(1); Jan 1973

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J Exp Anal Behav. 1973 January; 19(1): 65–72.
doi: 10.1901/jeab.1973.19-65.
PMCID: PMC1334052
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The maintenance of key pecking by stimulus-contingent and response-independent food presentation
Elkan Gamzu and Barry Schwartz
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Abstract
Three naive pigeons were exposed to a series of two-component multiple schedules of response-independent food presentation. The component schedules were sometimes identical (non-differential procedures) and sometimes different (differential procedures). High rates of key pecking were maintained in all the differential procedures, and pecking decreased substantially in non-differential procedures, even when the frequency of food presentation in non-differential procedures was higher than in differential procedures. It is suggested that the high rates of key pecking were maintained not by adventitious response-reinforcer contingencies, but by differential contingencies between the stimulus (keylight) and food. The role of such contingencies in the phenomenon of behavioral contrast is discussed.
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Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • APPEL JB, HISS RH. The discrimination of contingent from noncontingent reinforcement. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1962 Feb;55:37–39. [PubMed]
  • BRETHOWER DM, REYNOLDS GS. A facilitative effect of punishment on unpunished behavior. J Exp Anal Behav. 1962 Apr;5:191–199. [PubMed]
  • Brown PL, Jenkins HM. Auto-shaping of the pigeon's key-peck. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Jan;11(1):1–8. [PubMed]
  • EGGER MD, MILLER NE. Secondary reinforcement in rats as a function of information value and reliability of the stimulus. J Exp Psychol. 1962 Aug;64:97–104. [PubMed]
  • Gamzu E, Williams DR. Classical conditioning of a complex skeletal response. Science. 1971 Mar 5;171(974):923–925. [PubMed]
  • Gardner William M. Auto-shaping in bobwhite quail. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Mar;12(2):279–281. [PubMed]
  • HERRNSTEIN RJ, MORSE WH. Some effects of response-independent positive reinforcement on maintained operant behavior. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1957 Oct;50(5):461–467. [PubMed]
  • Lachter Gerald D. Some temporal parameters of non-contingent reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1971 Sep;16(2):207–217. [PubMed]
  • Lattal KA, Maxey GC. Some effects of response independent reinforcers in multiple schedules. J Exp Anal Behav. 1971 Sep;16(2):225–231. [PubMed]
  • Neuringer Allen J. Superstitious key pecking after three peck-produced reinforcements. J Exp Anal Behav. 1970 Mar;13(2):127–134. [PubMed]
  • REYNOLDS GS. Behavioral contrast. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Jan;4:57–71. [PubMed]
  • Sidman M, Fletcher FG. A demonstration of auto-shaping with monkeys. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 May;11(3):307–309. [PubMed]
  • Smith Stanley G, Borgen Lowell A, Davis W Marvin, Pace Henry B. Automatic magazine and bar-press training in the rat. J Exp Anal Behav. 1971 Mar;15(2):197–198. [PubMed]
  • Terrace HS. Discrimination learning, the peak shift, and behavioral contrast. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Nov;11(6):727–741. [PubMed]
  • Zeiler MD. Fixed and variable schedules of response-independent reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Jul;11(4):405–414. [PubMed]
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