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Journal List > J Appl Behav Anal > v.2(4); Winter 1969

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J Appl Behav Anal. 1969 Winter; 2(4): 231–237.
doi: 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-231.
PMCID: PMC1311072
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An instrument for producing deep muscle relaxation by means of analog information feedback1
Thomas H. Budzynski and Johann M. Stoyva
University of Colorado Medical Center
1Supported by NIMH Predoctoral Fellowship No. 5-F1-MH-33, 603-02 (MTLH); by grant No. 90708 from the University of Colorado Medical School General Research Support Grant; and by PHS grant MH 15596-01. Reprints may be obtained from Thomas H. Budzynski, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado.
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Abstract
An instrument that assists subjects in attaining deep muscle relaxation by means of analog information feedback is described. Subjects hear a tone with a pitch proportional to the electromyographic activity in a given muscle group. Results showed that subjects receiving this type of analog feedback reached deeper levels of muscle relaxation than those receiving either no feedback or irrelevant feedback. The basic method employed—electronic detection, immediate information feedback, and systematic shaping of responses—would seem potentially applicable to a variety of physiological events, and might be useful both in behavior therapy and in certain psychosomatic disorders.
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Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • BALSHAN ID. Muscle tension and personality in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1962 Dec;7:436–448. [PubMed]
  • Brener J, Hothersall D. Heart rate control under conditions of augmented sensory feedback. Psychophysiology. 1966 Jul;3(1):23–28. [PubMed]
  • DiCara LV, Miller NE. Instrumental learning of vasomotor responses by rats: learning to respond differentially in the two ears. Science. 1968 Mar 29;159(3822):1485–1486. [PubMed]
  • Engel BT, Hansen SP. Operant conditioning of heart rate slowing. Psychophysiology. 1966 Oct;3(2):176–187. [PubMed]
  • Hardyck CD, Petrinovich LF, Ellsworth DW. Feedback of speech muscle activity during silent reading. Science. 1967 Aug 4;157(788):581–581. [PubMed]
  • Miller NE. Learning of visceral and glandular responses. Science. 1969 Jan 31;163(866):434–445. [PubMed]
  • Stoyva J, Kamiya J. Electrophysiological studies of dreaming as the prototype of a new strategy in the study of consciousness. Psychol Rev. 1968 May;75(3):192–205. [PubMed]
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