My NCBISign In
Logo of jrsocmedLink to Publisher's site
J R Soc Med. 1999 October; 92(10): 511–515.
PMCID: PMC1297390

Placebos and placebo effects in medicine: historical overview.

A J de Craen, T J Kaptchuk, J G Tijssen, and J Kleijnen
Author information ► Copyright and License information ►
See letter "Placebo and placebo effects in medicine." in volume 93 on page 53.
See letter "The placebo effect and endogenous opioids." in volume 93 on page 158.
See letter "Biblical origins of placebo." in volume 93 on page 213.
See letter "Placebo analgesia." in volume 93 on page 449.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (938K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
 
icon of scanned page 511
511
icon of scanned page 512
512
icon of scanned page 513
513
icon of scanned page 514
514
icon of scanned page 515
515
 

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • SHAPIRO AK. A HISTORIC AND HEURISTIC DEFINITION OF THE PLACEBO. Psychiatry. 1964 Feb;27:52–58. [PubMed]
  • Kaptchuk TJ. Powerful placebo: the dark side of the randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1998 Jun 6;351(9117):1722–1725. [PubMed]
  • HANDFIELD-JONES RP. A bottle of medicine from the doctor. Lancet. 1953 Oct 17;265(6790):823–825. [PubMed]
  • McMahon CE. The 'placebo effect' in Renaissance medicine. J Am Soc Psychosom Dent Med. 1975;22(1):3–9. [PubMed]
  • Kaptchuk TJ. Intentional ignorance: a history of blind assessment and placebo controls in medicine. Bull Hist Med. 1998 Fall;72(3):389–433. [PubMed]
  • BEECHER HK. The powerful placebo. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Dec 24;159(17):1602–1606. [PubMed]
  • Kienle GS, Kiene H. The powerful placebo effect: fact or fiction? J Clin Epidemiol. 1997 Dec;50(12):1311–1318. [PubMed]
  • COBB LA, THOMAS GI, DILLARD DH, MERENDINO KA, BRUCE RA. An evaluation of internal-mammary-artery ligation by a double-blind technic. N Engl J Med. 1959 May 28;260(22):1115–1118. [PubMed]
  • DIMOND EG, KITTLE CF, CROCKETT JE. Comparison of internal mammary artery ligation and sham operation for angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1960 Apr;5:483–486. [PubMed]
  • BEECHER HK. Surgery as placebo. A quantitative study of bias. JAMA. 1961 Jul 1;176:1102–1107. [PubMed]
  • BEECHER HK, KEATS AS, MOSTELLER F, LASAGNA L. The effectiveness of oral analgesics (morphine, codeine, acetylsalicylic acid) and the problem of placebo "reactors" and "non-reactors". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953 Dec;109(4):393–400. [PubMed]
  • Doongaji DR, Vahia VN, Bharucha MP. On placebos, placebo responses and placebo responders. A review of psychological, psychopharmacological and psychophysiological factors. II. Psychopharmacological and psychophysiological factors. J Postgrad Med. 1978 Jul;24(3):147–157. [PubMed]
  • SHAPIRO AK. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PLACEBO EFFECT. THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY. Am J Psychother. 1964 Mar;18:SUPPL 1–1:88. [PubMed]
  • Gøtzsche PC. Is there logic in the placebo? Lancet. 1994 Oct 1;344(8927):925–926. [PubMed]
  • Andersen LO. Placebos in medicine. Lancet. 1994 Dec 10;344(8937):1642–1642. [PubMed]
  • Parsons HM. What Happened at Hawthorne?: New evidence suggests the Hawthorne effect resulted from operant reinforcement contingencies. Science. 1974 Mar 8;183(4128):922–932. [PubMed]
  • KENNEDY WP. The nocebo reaction. Med World. 1961 Sep;95:203–205. [PubMed]
  • Hahn RA. The nocebo phenomenon: concept, evidence, and implications for public health. Prev Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;26(5 Pt 1):607–611. [PubMed]
  • Wickramasekera I. A conditioned response model of the placebo effect predictions from the model. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1980 Mar;5(1):5–18. [PubMed]
  • Voudouris NJ, Peck CL, Coleman G. The role of conditioning and verbal expectancy in the placebo response. Pain. 1990 Oct;43(1):121–128. [PubMed]
  • Montgomery GH, Kirsch I. Classical conditioning and the placebo effect. Pain. 1997 Aug;72(1-2):107–113. [PubMed]
  • ter Riet G, de Craen AJ, de Boer A, Kessels AG. Is placebo analgesia mediated by endogenous opioids? A systematic review. Pain. 1998 Jun;76(3):273–275. [PubMed]
  • Cohen S, Herbert TB. Health psychology: psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of human psychoneuroimmunology. Annu Rev Psychol. 1996;47:113–142. [PubMed]
  • Rothman KJ, Michels KB. The continuing unethical use of placebo controls. N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 11;331(6):394–398. [PubMed]
  • Kleijnen J, de Craen AJ, van Everdingen J, Krol L. Placebo effect in double-blind clinical trials: a review of interactions with medications. Lancet. 1994 Nov 12;344(8933):1347–1349. [PubMed]
  • Thomas KB. General practice consultations: is there any point in being positive? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 May 9;294(6581):1200–1202. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Articles from Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine are provided here courtesy of Royal Society of Medicine Press

Formats:

Related citations in PubMed

See reviews... See all...

Cited by other articles in PMC

See all...

Links

  • PubMed
    PubMed
    PubMed citation for this article

Recent activity

Clear Turn Off Turn On

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...
You are here: NCBI > Literature > PubMed Central (PMC)
Write to the Help Desk