PMC

Data used to generate Fig 2 can be found in .

Data used to generate Fig 1 can be found in .

Dissection of P. xylostella female sex pheromone glands. The pheromone glands from female P. xylostella were squeezed out from the abdomen using forceps (the gland is similarly inflated when the female calls). The abdomen of P. xylostella was cut at the sclerotized cuticle from the 8^th abdominal segment, and the sclerotized cuticle was removed before immersing the glands in liquid nitrogen. 1: Sclerotized ovipositor valves; 2: Pheromone gland; 3: Sclerotized cuticle that was removed

M. sharovi larva and comparative material of Hexagenitidae. A M. sharovi specimen 1700/379—, gills, arrows mark sclerotized ribs; B M. sharovi specimen 1700/379—, detail of gills under ESEM, arrows mark sclerotized ribs; C Cratohexagenites minor Staniczek, 2007, holotype, distal portion of abdomen, arrows mark sclerotized ribs on gills; D M. sharovi specimen 1700/374 + ; E, M. sharovi specimen 1700/374—; F, G M. sharovi specimen 1700/374—, head; H, I M. sharovi specimen 1700/374 + , head; J M. sharovi specimen 1700/374—, middle portion of abdomen, black arrows mark sclerotized ribs on gills, white arrows mark projections on terga (photographs A, C, D, E of dry specimen, F, H, J under layer of ethanol, B from ESEM; rectangles in figures D and E mark positions of detailed figures; scale bars represent A, B, F–J = 1 mm; C, D, E = 2 mm)