PMC

(A) CSF CXCL13 levels before and after antibiotic treatment in neurosyphilis patients (n = 89). (B) CSF CXCL10 levels before and after antibiotic treatment in neurosyphilis patients (n = 89). (C) CSF CXCL8 levels before and after antibiotic treatment in neurosyphilis patients (n = 89). Differences between before and after treatment were analyzed by using paired t-test.

Chemokine array was used to profile 36 chemokines in the CSF of 9 neurosyphilis and 7 non-neurosyphilis patients. The mean value of each chemokine was defined for the non-neurosyphilis patients, and fold induction was calculated for neurosyphilis patients. CXCL12αand CCL22 were undetectable.

(A) The level of CSF CXCL13 in control group (n = 29), non-neurosyphilis patients (including primary, secondary, latent and serofast syphilis; n = 123), neurosyphilis patients (including asymptomatic and symptomatic patients,n = 191). (B) The level of CSF CXCL8 among the samples shown in (A). (C) The level of CSF CXCL10 among the samples shown in (A). (D) The level of serum CXCL13 in control group (n = 63), non-neurosyphilis patients (including primary, secondary, latent and serofast syphilis; n = 111), neurosyphilis patients (including asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, n = 161). (E) The level of serum CXCL10 among the samples shown in (D). (F) The level of serum CXCL10 among the samples shown in (D). (G) The level of CSF CXCL13 in asymptomatic (n = 82) and symptomatic neurosyphilis patients (including meningovascular, paretic, tabetic and ocular, n = 109). (H) The level of CSF CXCL8 among the samples shown in (G). (I) The level of CSF CXCL10 among the samples shown in (G). (J) The level of serum CXCL13 in asymptomatic (n = 69), symptomatic neurosyphilis patients (including meningovascular, paretic, tabetic and ocular, n = 92). (K) The level of serum CXCL10 among the samples shown in (J). (L) The level of serum CXCL10 among the samples shown in (J). (M) The CSF: serum of CXCL13 in non-neurosyphilis patients (including primary, secondary, latent and serofast syphilis; n = 111), neurosyphilis patients (including asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, n = 161). (N) The CSF: serum of CXCL8 among the samples shown in (M). (O) The CSF: serum of CXCL10 among the samples shown in (M). Differences between groups were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test.

(A) Representative dot plot of CSF IL-17-producing cells in CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁻ and CD3⁻ lymphocytes from neurosyphilis patients. (B) Frequencies of IL-17⁺ cells in the populations of CD3⁺, CD3⁻ lymphocytes (n = 14). (C) Frequencies of IL-17⁺ cells in the populations of CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁻ lymphocytes (n = 14). Results represent the median + individual values.