PMC

Descriptive data and shape distribution and MANOVA test for heterophylly, the letters (a, b, c, and d) indicate multiple comparison results at the significant level 0.05. (A) Descriptive data distribution and MANOVA for the descriptive data of heterophylly. (B) Shape distribution and MANOVA for the shape of heterophylly. The light pink thin line denotes the shape of heterophylly for each genotype, red thick line denotes the mean shape of all genotypes for four types of heterophylly.

Types and spatial distribution pattern of heterophylly in Populus euphratica. (A) An example of the four types of heterophylly in P. euphratica. (B) The spatial distribution of four types of heterophylly in the canopy of mature in P. euphratica.

Heterophylly curve of leaf length vs. position index. Green lines in (A,B) are individual heterophylly curves for the control and salt stress groups, and red and blue lines indicate their mean heterophylly curves. (C) Comparison of the two mean curves.

Comparison of allelic heterophylly curves with significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the (A–C) control and (D–F) salt stress groups. Green and light blue lines indicate individual heterophylly curves vs. position index for the control and salt stress groups, respectively. Thick dark blue, red, and orange lines indicate three different heterophylly genotypes.