PMC

Two types of porous bioceramic samples are shown below: one is disk mold (a1, ϕ 5 mm; h 0.7 mm) and the other is hollow cylinder mold (b1, ϕ₁ 3.5 mm; ϕ₂ 1.5 mm; h 10 mm), these are all combined with SIM-PP nanoparticles and promote bone growth. Daily release profiles of the active form of simvastatin (act-SIM) measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography at 37 °C for 7–10 days. (a2) SIM-PP NPs loaded within disk bioceramic samples (ϕ 5 mm; h 0.7 mm; BC_disk). (b2) SIM-PP NPs loaded within hollow cylinder bioceramic samples (ϕ₁ 3.5 mm; ϕ₂ 1.5 mm; h 10 mm). (a3,b3) Average percentages of act-SIM cumulative release. Notes: SIM-PP NP 2.5/BC_disk: the 2.5 μg simvastatin loaded with disk bioceramic; SIM-PP NP 5/BC_disk: the 5.0 μg simvastatin loaded with disk bioceramic; SIM-PP NP 5/BC_cylinder: the 5.0 μg simvastatin loaded with hollow cylinder bioceramic; SIM-PP NP 10/BC_cylinder: the 10.0 μg simvastatin loaded with hollow cylinder bioceramic.

Characterization of the β-TCP, CSM and Sr-CSM powders and scaffolds. a XRD patterns of three bioceramic scaffolds, b CAD model of three bioceramic scaffolds, c digital photograph of three bioceramic scaffolds: from left to right is β-TCP, CSM and Sr-CSM, d SEM images of three bioceramic scaffolds

(A) under a 10 times magnifying glass; (B) under a 20 times magnifying glass; Scanning electron microscopy images of HA/ZrO₂ porous bioceramic AVB. (C) under a 100 times magnifying glass; (D) under a 1000 times magnifying glass.

Primary characterization of the bioceramic powders and scaffolds. XRD pattern of CSiMg4 and CSiMg10 powders after calcining at 850°C, * wollastonite (a); particle size distribution of CSiMg4 and CSiMg10 powders (b, c); SEM images of the bioceramic powders (d); SEM images of the outward appearance of the bioceramic scaffolds (e).