PMC

NRG-1 alters the invasion of human and murine MPNST cells, but not wild-type Schwann cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. Human ST88-14 (A) or murine A202 (B) MPNST cells were stimulated with vehicle or varying concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 or 100 nM) of NRG-1β (gray bars) or NRG-1α (black bars) and allowed to invade through Matrigel. The number of cells invading to filter undersurfaces following challenge with NRG-1 was normalized to cell numbers invading in the presence of vehicle. Bars represent average invasion ± standard error of the mean. *, p<0.05 for comparison to cells challenged with vehicle alone. (C, D) Both NRG-1β induced (black bars) and baseline (gray bars) invasion of ST88-14 (C) and A202 (D) cells is inhibited by PD168393. Bars, average invasion ± standard error of the mean. For baseline invasion (Vehicle), * indicates p<0.05 relative to cells challenged with vehicle in the absence of PD168393; for NRG-1β enhanced invasion, * indicates p<0.05 relative to cells challenged with NRG-1β. (E) Comparison of the invasion of unstimulated (Vehicle) and NRG-1β challenged (1 nM NRG-1β) murine A202 cells to that of wild-type mouse Schwann cells challenged with 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 nM NRG-1β or NRG-1α. Bars, average invasion ± standard error of the mean. *, p<0.05 relative to unstimulated A202 cells.

(A) NRG-1β induced migration is inhibited by the erbB inhibitor PD168393. Bars indicate the migration of ST88-14 (left panel) and A202 (right panel) cells challenged with vehicle alone or 1 nM NRG-1β in the presence of 0 to 1000 nM PD168393. *, p-value <0.05 for comparison to cells challenged with 1 nM NRG-1β alone. (B) Baseline migration of ST88-14 (left panel) and A202 (right panel) cells is also inhibited by PD168393 in a concentration-dependent manner. *, p<0.05 for comparison to cells challenged with vehicle.

Analysis of muropeptides by RP-HPLC during germination (120 min) of B. subtilis 168 HR spores. Muropeptide-containing samples were separated by RP-HPLC, and the A₂₀₂ of the eluates was monitored. (A) Dormant spore-associated material; (B) germinated spore-associated material; (C) germination exudate; (D) germination exudate (no Cellosyl digestion or reduction).

RP-HPLC muropeptide elution patterns of peptidoglycan from B. subtilis 168 endospores. (A) HR (wild type). (B) GJH161 (lytH). (C) AA107 (cwlD). (D) GJH171 (lytH cwlD). Purified Cellosyl-digested peptidoglycan samples were separated on an octadecylsilane column, and the A₂₀₂ of the eluate was measured.