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Lung disease, immunodeficiency, and chromosome breakage syndrome;(LICS)

MedGen UID:
934620
Concept ID:
C4310653
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Lung disease, immunodeficiency, and chromosome breakage syndrome
 
Gene (location): NSMCE3 (15q13.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014984
OMIM®: 617241

Definition

LICS is an autosomal recessive chromosome breakage syndrome characterized by failure to thrive in infancy, immune deficiency, and fatal progressive pediatric lung disease induced by viral infection. Some patients may have mild dysmorphic features (summary by van der Crabben et al., 2016). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Small for gestational age
MedGen UID:
65920
Concept ID:
C0235991
Finding
Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.
Failure to thrive in infancy
MedGen UID:
358083
Concept ID:
C1867873
Finding
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Mild global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
861405
Concept ID:
C4012968
Finding
A mild delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.
Cerebral calcification
MedGen UID:
124360
Concept ID:
C0270685
Finding
The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum.
Axial hypotonia
MedGen UID:
342959
Concept ID:
C1853743
Finding
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.
Wide anterior fontanel
MedGen UID:
400926
Concept ID:
C1866134
Finding
Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.
Bronchiolitis obliterans with obstructive pulmonary disease
MedGen UID:
665
Concept ID:
C0006272
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchioles leading to partial or complete obstruction of these airways.
Eczema
MedGen UID:
3968
Concept ID:
C0013595
Disease or Syndrome
Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces.
Increased circulating IgE level
MedGen UID:
116018
Concept ID:
C0236175
Finding
An abnormally increased overall level of immunoglobulin E in blood.
Hypoplasia of the thymus
MedGen UID:
146347
Concept ID:
C0685891
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the thymus.
Decreased proportion of CD8-positive T cells
MedGen UID:
374188
Concept ID:
C1839305
Finding
A decreased proportion of circulating CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells relative to total number of T cells.
Increased circulating IgM level
MedGen UID:
333454
Concept ID:
C1839972
Finding
An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin M in blood.
Reduced delayed hypersensitivity
MedGen UID:
334744
Concept ID:
C1843386
Finding
Decreased ability to react to a delayed hypersensitivity skin test.
Reduced antigen-specific T cell proliferation
MedGen UID:
1621145
Concept ID:
C4531148
Finding
Impaired proliferation and expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.
Decreased proportion of CD4-positive helper T cells
MedGen UID:
1719772
Concept ID:
C5235140
Finding
A decreased proportion of circulating CD4-positive helper T cells relative to total T cell count.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation
MedGen UID:
867472
Concept ID:
C4021850
Finding
An abnormally increased sensitivity to the effects of ionizing radiation.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Willemse BWM, van der Crabben SN, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Timens W, van Montfrans JM, Lindemans CA, Boelens JJ, Hennus MP, van Haaften G
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Mar 19;16(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01770-z. PMID: 33741030Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Simon AJ, Lev A, Jeison M, Borochowitz ZU, Korn D, Lerenthal Y, Somech R
J Clin Immunol 2014 Jan;34(1):76-83. Epub 2013 Nov 7 doi: 10.1007/s10875-013-9957-3. PMID: 24197801
Dunst J, Neubauer S, Becker A, Gebhart E
Strahlenther Onkol 1998 Oct;174(10):510-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03038983. PMID: 9810318

Diagnosis

Odiba AS, Ezechukwu CS, Liao G, Hong Y, Fang W, Jin C, Gartner A, Wang B
DNA Repair (Amst) 2024 May;137:103669. Epub 2024 Mar 12 doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103669. PMID: 38507953
van der Crabben SN, Hennus MP, McGregor GA, Ritter DI, Nagamani SC, Wells OS, Harakalova M, Chinn IK, Alt A, Vondrova L, Hochstenbach R, van Montfrans JM, Terheggen-Lagro SW, van Lieshout S, van Roosmalen MJ, Renkens I, Duran K, Nijman IJ, Kloosterman WP, Hennekam E, Orange JS, van Hasselt PM, Wheeler DA, Palecek JJ, Lehmann AR, Oliver AW, Pearl LH, Plon SE, Murray JM, van Haaften G
J Clin Invest 2016 Aug 1;126(8):2881-92. Epub 2016 Jul 18 doi: 10.1172/JCI82890. PMID: 27427983Free PMC Article
Simon AJ, Lev A, Jeison M, Borochowitz ZU, Korn D, Lerenthal Y, Somech R
J Clin Immunol 2014 Jan;34(1):76-83. Epub 2013 Nov 7 doi: 10.1007/s10875-013-9957-3. PMID: 24197801
Dunst J, Neubauer S, Becker A, Gebhart E
Strahlenther Onkol 1998 Oct;174(10):510-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03038983. PMID: 9810318

Clinical prediction guides

Dunst J, Neubauer S, Becker A, Gebhart E
Strahlenther Onkol 1998 Oct;174(10):510-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03038983. PMID: 9810318

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