Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: WDR46
Cytogenetic location: 6p21.32 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 6:33,279,108-33,289,239 (from NCBI)
WDR46 localizes predominantly to the granular component of the nucleolus, a region associated with late ribosomal RNA-processing events and assembly of ribosomal particles (Wada et al., 2014).
By EST database analysis to identify genes that map near the tapasin gene (TAPBP; 601962), Herberg et al. (1998) obtained a partial WDR46 sequence, which they called BING4. The deduced protein contains an aminotransferase-type pyridoxal phosphate attachment site motif, a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase adenylate binding site motif, and WD40 repeats. It also has sites for N-glycosylation, phosphorylation, myristoylation, and amidation.
Rosenberg et al. (2002) stated that the full-length BING4 protein contains 610 amino acids. They identified an alternative open reading frame in the BING4 mRNA that encodes a 9-amino acid peptide.
By PCR of human prostate and testis cDNA libraries, Wada et al. (2014) cloned WDR46. Fluorescence-tagged WDR46 localized throughout nucleoli in transfected HeLa cells, predominantly to the nucleolar granular component. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that a portion of WDR46 associated stably with nucleoli, although another portion appeared to be mobile. Association of WDR46 with nucleoli was not affected by inhibition of transcription.
Rosenberg et al. (2002) found that the 9-amino acid BING4 peptide was recognized by a lymphocyte clone obtained from a patient with immunotherapy-induced regression of metastatic melanoma. The BING4 peptide-reactive lymphocytes recognized HLA-A2 (142800)-positive melanomas, but not HLA-A2-positive normal cells or other tumor cell lines. RT-PCR revealed that many melanoma cell lines expressed relatively high levels of BING4 mRNA, whereas all nonmelanoma tumors as well as several nontumor cells and cell lines had relatively low levels of BING4 expression. There appeared to be a threshold level of BING4 expression that was required for lymphocyte recognition.
Herberg et al. (1998) determined that the WDR46 gene comprises 11 exons.
By genomic sequence analysis, Herberg et al. (1998) mapped the WDR46 gene to chromosome 6p21.3, where it lies in a head-to-head orientation with the HKE2 gene.
Herberg, J. A., Beck, S., Trowsdale, J. TAPASIN, DAXX, RGL2, HKE2, and four new genes (BING 1, 3 to 5) form a dense cluster at the centromeric end of the MHC. J. Molec. Biol. 277: 839-857, 1998. [PubMed: 9545376] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1998.1637]
Rosenberg, S. A., Tong-On, P., Li, Y., Riley, J. P., El-Gamil, M., Parkhurst, M. R., Robbins, P. F. Identification of BING-4 cancer antigen translated from an alternative open reading frame of a gene in the extended MHC class II region using lymphocytes from a patient with a durable complete regression following immunotherapy. J. Immun. 168: 2402-2407, 2002. [PubMed: 11859131] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2402]
Wada, K., Sato, M., Araki, N., Kumeta, M., Hirai, Y., Takeyasu, K., Furukawa, K., Horigome, T. Dynamics of WD-repeat containing proteins in SSU processome components. Biochem. Cell Biol. 92: 191-199, 2014. [PubMed: 24754225] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2014-0007]