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Anal carcinoma

MedGen UID:
76006
•Concept ID:
C0279637
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Anal Cancer; Anal Cancers; Anus Cancer; Anus Cancers; Cancer of Anus; Cancer of the Anus; Cancer, Anal; Cancers, Anal
SNOMED CT: Anal carcinoma (255084004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0003199

Definition

A carcinoma that arises from the anus. Anal carcinomas include the anal canal and perianal area (anal margin) carcinomas. Perianal carcinomas are staged separately as skin carcinomas in AJCC v6 and v7 editions. The AJCC v8 edition staging system applies to all carcinomas arising in the anal canal, including carcinomas that arise within anorectal fistulas and those arising in the perianal area (anal margin). [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAnal carcinoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Anal Carcinoma, Version 2.2023, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.
Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, Azad N, Chen YJ, Ciombor KK, Cohen S, Cooper HS, Deming D, Garrido-Laguna I, Grem JL, Hecht JR, Hoffe S, Hubbard J, Hunt S, Hussan H, Jeck W, Johung KL, Joseph N, Kirilcuk N, Krishnamurthi S, Maratt J, Messersmith WA, Meyerhardt J, Miller ED, Mulcahy MF, Nurkin S, Overman MJ, Parikh A, Patel H, Pedersen K, Saltz L, Schneider C, Shibata D, Skibber JM, Sofocleous CT, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, Tavakkoli A, Willett CG, Williams G, Algieri F, Gurski L, Stehman K
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023 Jun;21(6):653-677. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0030. PMID: 37308125
Treatment of the Primary Tumor in Anal Canal Cancers.
Glynne-Jones R, Rao S
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):73-90. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.003. PMID: 27889038
The differential diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment of anal carcinoma.
Raptis D, Schneider I, Matzel KE, Ott O, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015 Apr 3;112(14):243-9. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0243. PMID: 25891807Free PMC Article

Curated

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Anal Carcinoma, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Characteristics of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma as an HPV-associated cancer in Japan.
Yamada K, Shiraishi K, Takashima A, Takayanagi D, Saiki Y, Takano S, Tanaka M, Fukunaga M, Sugimoto K, Iwasaki Y, Nakamura Y, Kuwahara D, Tsuji Y, Takano M, Sugihara K, Ajioka Y
Int J Clin Oncol 2023 Aug;28(8):990-998. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1007/s10147-023-02339-5. PMID: 37115427
Fistula-associated anal carcinoma in Crohn's disease.
Yamamoto T, Kotze PG, Spinelli A, Panaccione R
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Sep;12(9):917-925. Epub 2018 Jul 24 doi: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1500175. PMID: 29999429
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: review and recommendations for screening and management.
Smyczek P, Singh AE, Romanowski B
Int J STD AIDS 2013 Nov;24(11):843-51. Epub 2013 Jul 10 doi: 10.1177/0956462413481527. PMID: 23970583
Human papillomavirus vaccines and anal carcinoma.
Franceschi S, De Vuyst H
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009 Jan;4(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32831b9c81. PMID: 19339940
Anal carcinoma.
Leichman LP, Cummings BJ
Curr Probl Cancer 1990 May-Jun;14(3):117-59. doi: 10.1016/0147-0272(90)90014-h. PMID: 2202554

Diagnosis

Fistula-associated anal carcinoma in Crohn's disease.
Yamamoto T, Kotze PG, Spinelli A, Panaccione R
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Sep;12(9):917-925. Epub 2018 Jul 24 doi: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1500175. PMID: 29999429
HIV-Associated Anal Dysplasia and Anal Carcinoma.
Oette M, Mosthaf FA, Sautter-Bihl ML, Esser S
Oncol Res Treat 2017;40(3):100-105. Epub 2017 Feb 24 doi: 10.1159/000456715. PMID: 28253522
The differential diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment of anal carcinoma.
Raptis D, Schneider I, Matzel KE, Ott O, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015 Apr 3;112(14):243-9. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0243. PMID: 25891807Free PMC Article
Anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.
Bejarano PA, Boutros M, Berho M
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):893-912. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.09.005. PMID: 24280406
Imaging of anal carcinoma.
Kochhar R, Plumb AA, Carrington BM, Saunders M
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012 Sep;199(3):W335-44. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8027. PMID: 22915424

Therapy

Characteristics and oncological results of epidermoid anal carcinoma: Comparison analysis between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients.
Saralegui Ansorena Y, Enriquez-Navascues JM, Placer Galan C, Borda Arrizabalaga N, Elosegui Aguirrezabala JL, Elorza Echaniz G, Etxart Lopetegi A, Aguirre Allende I
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) 2022 Nov;100(11):709-717. Epub 2022 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.07.002. PMID: 35850478
HIV-Associated Anal Dysplasia and Anal Carcinoma.
Oette M, Mosthaf FA, Sautter-Bihl ML, Esser S
Oncol Res Treat 2017;40(3):100-105. Epub 2017 Feb 24 doi: 10.1159/000456715. PMID: 28253522
Anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.
Bejarano PA, Boutros M, Berho M
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2013 Dec;42(4):893-912. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.09.005. PMID: 24280406
Human papillomavirus vaccines and anal carcinoma.
Franceschi S, De Vuyst H
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009 Jan;4(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32831b9c81. PMID: 19339940
Anal carcinoma--a histological review.
Williams GR, Talbot IC
Histopathology 1994 Dec;25(6):507-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01370.x. PMID: 7698728

Prognosis

Characteristics of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma as an HPV-associated cancer in Japan.
Yamada K, Shiraishi K, Takashima A, Takayanagi D, Saiki Y, Takano S, Tanaka M, Fukunaga M, Sugimoto K, Iwasaki Y, Nakamura Y, Kuwahara D, Tsuji Y, Takano M, Sugihara K, Ajioka Y
Int J Clin Oncol 2023 Aug;28(8):990-998. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1007/s10147-023-02339-5. PMID: 37115427
Fistula-associated anal carcinoma in Crohn's disease.
Yamamoto T, Kotze PG, Spinelli A, Panaccione R
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Sep;12(9):917-925. Epub 2018 Jul 24 doi: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1500175. PMID: 29999429
Imaging of anal carcinoma.
Kochhar R, Plumb AA, Carrington BM, Saunders M
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012 Sep;199(3):W335-44. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8027. PMID: 22915424
Anal carcinoma--a histological review.
Williams GR, Talbot IC
Histopathology 1994 Dec;25(6):507-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb01370.x. PMID: 7698728
Anal carcinoma.
Leichman LP, Cummings BJ
Curr Probl Cancer 1990 May-Jun;14(3):117-59. doi: 10.1016/0147-0272(90)90014-h. PMID: 2202554

Clinical prediction guides

Characteristics and oncological results of epidermoid anal carcinoma: Comparison analysis between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients.
Saralegui Ansorena Y, Enriquez-Navascues JM, Placer Galan C, Borda Arrizabalaga N, Elosegui Aguirrezabala JL, Elorza Echaniz G, Etxart Lopetegi A, Aguirre Allende I
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) 2022 Nov;100(11):709-717. Epub 2022 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.07.002. PMID: 35850478
Dosimetric and Clinical Predictors for Acute and Late Gastrointestinal Toxicity Following Chemoradiotherapy of Locally Advanced Anal Cancer.
Nilsson MP, Gunnlaugsson A, Johnsson A, Scherman J
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022 Jan;34(1):e35-e44. Epub 2021 Sep 28 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.09.011. PMID: 34598844
What Is the Risk of Anal Carcinoma in Patients With Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia III?
Lee GC, Kunitake H, Milch H, Savitt LR, Stafford CE, Bordeianou LG, Francone TD, Ricciardi R
Dis Colon Rectum 2018 Dec;61(12):1350-1356. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001219. PMID: 30303884Free PMC Article
Anal carcinoma: FDG PET/CT in staging, response evaluation, and follow-up.
Saboo SS, Zukotynski K, Shinagare AB, Krajewski KM, Ramaiya N
Abdom Imaging 2013 Aug;38(4):728-35. doi: 10.1007/s00261-012-9958-3. PMID: 23011550
Human papillomavirus vaccines and anal carcinoma.
Franceschi S, De Vuyst H
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009 Jan;4(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32831b9c81. PMID: 19339940

Recent systematic reviews

Quality of life in patients treated for anal carcinoma-a systematic literature review.
Sterner A, Derwinger K, Staff C, Nilsson H, Angenete E
Int J Colorectal Dis 2019 Sep;34(9):1517-1528. Epub 2019 Jul 19 doi: 10.1007/s00384-019-03342-x. PMID: 31324957
Systematic review of the quality of life issues associated with anal cancer and its treatment with radiochemotherapy.
Sodergren SC, Vassiliou V, Dennis K, Tomaszewski KA, Gilbert A, Glynne-Jones R, Nugent K, Sebag-Montefiore D, Johnson CD; EORTC Quality of Life Group
Support Care Cancer 2015 Dec;23(12):3613-23. Epub 2015 Aug 20 doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2879-2. PMID: 26289529

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NCCN, 2023
      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) Anal Carcinoma, 2023

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

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