Higher body mass index and lower intake of dairy products predict poor glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes patients in Malaysia

PLoS One. 2017 Feb 24;12(2):e0172231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172231. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was designed to determine factors contributing to glyceamic control in order to provide better understanding of diabetes management among Type 2 Diabetes patients. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic and medical history. As a proxy measure for glycaemic control, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was obtained as secondary data from the medical reports. Perceived self-care barrier on diabetes management, diet knowledge and skills, and diet quality were assessed using pretested instruments. With a response rate of 80.3%, 155 subjects were recruited for the study. Mean HbA1c level of the subjects was 9.02 ± 2.25% with more than 70% not able to achieve acceptable level in accordance to WHO recommendation. Diet quality of the subjects was unsatisfactory especially for vegetables, fruits, fish and legumes as well as from the milk and dairy products group. Higher body mass index (BMI), poorer medication compliance, lower diet knowledge and skill scores and lower intake of milk and dairy products contributed significantly on poor glycaemic control. In conclusion, while perceived self-care barriers and diet quality failed to predict HbA1c, good knowledge and skill ability, together with appropriate BMI and adequate intake of dairy products should be emphasized to optimize glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Dairy Products*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / ethnology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy
  • Diet*
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Female
  • Health Services Accessibility
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / prevention & control*
  • Malaysia / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Regression Analysis
  • Self Care
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This study was funded under Universiti Putra Malaysia (Research University Grant Scheme Initiative 6). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.