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    Kr Kruppel [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 38012, updated on 4-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Krprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Kruppelprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0001325
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG3340
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0001325
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    CG3340; Dm-Kr; Dmel\CG3340; If; kr; KR; Kru
    Summary
    Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis; generation of neurons; and negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including ectoderm; ectoderm anlage; embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell; embryonic/larval nervous system; and extended germ band embryo. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Orthologous to human BCL6 (BCL6 transcription repressor) and ZNF683 (zinc finger protein 683). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    60F5-60F5; 2-107 cM
    Exon count:
    2
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (25226611..25231394)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (21114134..21118917)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Ejaculatory bulb protein II Neighboring gene Ejaculatory bulb protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Juvenile hormone binding protein 10

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Molecular competition can shape enhancer activity in the Drosophila embryo. Waymack R, et al. iScience, 2021 Sep 24. PMID 34568782, Free PMC Article
    2. Shadow enhancers can suppress input transcription factor noise through distinct regulatory logic. Waymack R, et al. Elife, 2020 Aug 17. PMID 32804082, Free PMC Article
    3. Signal Integration by Shadow Enhancers and Enhancer Duplications Varies across the Drosophila Embryo. Scholes C, et al. Cell Rep, 2019 Feb 26. PMID 30811990, Free PMC Article
    4. Krüppel Expression Levels Are Maintained through Compensatory Evolution of Shadow Enhancers. Wunderlich Z, et al. Cell Rep, 2015 Sep 22. PMID 26344774, Free PMC Article
    5. Statistical method for estimation of the predictive power of a gene circuit model. Myasnikova E, et al. J Bioinform Comput Biol, 2014 Apr. PMID 24712529

    See all (958) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Multifaceted effects on even-skipped transcriptional dynamics upon Kruppel dosage changes.
      Title: Multifaceted effects on even-skipped transcriptional dynamics upon Krüppel dosage changes.
    2. In this study, ChIP/chip datasets are analyzed using the corresponding PWMs for the well-studied TFs; CAUDAL, HUNCHBACK, KNIRPS and KRUPPEL, to determine the distribution of predicted binding sites. All four TFs are critical regulators of gene expression along the anterio-posterior axis in early Drosophila development
      Title: Spatial distribution of predicted transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila ChIP peaks.
    3. Surprisingly, the early temporal gene Kruppel acts as one of the sub-temporal genes within the late castor window.
      Title: Neuronal cell fate diversification controlled by sub-temporal action of Kruppel.
    4. Kr regulation can limit the positional variability of the Hb mid-embryo border.
      Title: Mid-embryo patterning and precision in Drosophila segmentation: Krüppel dual regulation of hunchback.
    5. Kruppel induction is specific to the loss of Shal, a potassium channel mutant.
      Title: Krüppel mediates the selective rebalancing of ion channel expression.
    6. Kruppel tethers the SAP18 bound histone deacetylase complex 1 at distinct enhancer elements, which causes repression via histone H3 deacetylation
      Title: SAP18 promotes Krüppel-dependent transcriptional repression by enhancer-specific histone deacetylation.
    7. Kr-h1 mediates some of the JH signaling in the adult abdominal epidermis and is upstream of broad protein in this pathway
      Title: Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) mediates juvenile hormone action during metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster.
    8. The segmentation function of Kruppel in Tribolium is fundamentally different from its role in the long-germ embryo of Drosophila.
      Title: Breakdown of abdominal patterning in the Tribolium Kruppel mutant jaws.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in axon guidance IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in compound eye development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in heterochromatin formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in muscle organ development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuroblast fate determination IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuroblast fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of development, heterochronic TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of hemocyte proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of neurogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in trunk segmentation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    kruppel
    Names
    CG3340-PA
    CG3340-PB
    Kr-PA
    Kr-PB
    irregular facets
    krpple
    krueppel
    kuppel
    lruppel

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      25226611..25231394
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001274252.1 → NP_001261181.1  kruppel, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261181.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P07247, Q8SYW3, Q9W0V9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5RIE4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      sd00017
      Location:224 → 244
      ZF_C2H2; C2H2 Zn finger [structural motif]
      pfam13465
      Location:237 → 261
      zf-H2C2_2; Zinc-finger double domain

    2. NM_079143.3 → NP_523867.1  kruppel, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523867.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P07247, Q8SYW3, Q9W0V9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5RIE4
      Related
      FBpp0072351
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      sd00017
      Location:224 → 244
      ZF_C2H2; C2H2 Zn finger [structural motif]
      pfam13465
      Location:237 → 261
      zf-H2C2_2; Zinc-finger double domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    B5RIE4 B5RIE4
    P07247.2 P07247

    Gene LinkOut

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