Gdf3 growth differentiation factor 3 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gdf3provided by MGI
Official Full Name: growth differentiation factor 3provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95686
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000030117 AllianceGenome:MGI:95686
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Vgr2; Gdf-3; Vgr-2; ecat9
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein is important in embryogenesis and likely plays a role ocular and skeletal development. Mice lacking a functional copy of this gene exhibit defects in early embryonic development resulting in embryonic lethality. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6 F1; 6 57.7 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	6	NC_000072.7 (122582362..122587046, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	6	NC_000072.6 (122605403..122610087, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000072.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Novel Cardiokine GDF3 Predicts Adverse Fibrotic Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.
Title: Novel Cardiokine GDF3 Predicts Adverse Fibrotic Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.
Brd4 modulates diet-induced obesity via PPARgamma-dependent Gdf3 expression in adipose tissue macrophages.
Title: Brd4 modulates diet-induced obesity via PPARγ-dependent Gdf3 expression in adipose tissue macrophages.
GDF3 Protects Mice against Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality by Suppression of Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype.
Title: GDF3 Protects Mice against Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality by Suppression of Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype.
Data, including data from studies using knockout mice, suggest that Gdf3-Alk7 axis between adipose tissue macrophages and adipocytes represents previously unrecognized mechanism by which insulin regulates both fat metabolism/lipolysis and adiposity. (Gdf3 = growth differentiation factor-3; Alk7 = activin receptor-like kinase-7)
Title: Insulin Regulates Lipolysis and Fat Mass by Upregulating Growth/Differentiation Factor 3 in Adipose Tissue Macrophages.
This work establishes PPARgamma as a required metabolic sensor and transcriptional regulator of repair macrophages and establishes GDF3 as a secreted extrinsic effector protein acting on myoblasts and serving as an exclusively macrophage-derived regeneration factor in tissue repair
Title: Macrophage PPARγ, a Lipid Activated Transcription Factor Controls the Growth Factor GDF3 and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.
GDF3 has the ability to induce progression of CD24-inducible melanoma in mice.
Title: An embryo-specific expressing TGF-β family protein, growth-differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), augments progression of B16 melanoma.
GDF3 deficiency selectively affects white adipose through its influence on basal metabolic rates.
Title: Deficiency of growth differentiation factor 3 protects against diet-induced obesity by selectively acting on white adipose.
GDF3 regulates adipose-tissue homeostasis and energy balance under nutrient overload in part by signaling through the ALK7 receptor
Title: Growth/differentiation factor 3 signals through ALK7 and regulates accumulation of adipose tissue and diet-induced obesity.
Results suggest that GDF1 and GDF3 together represent the functional mammalian homologs of Vg1.
Title: Distinct and cooperative roles of mammalian Vg1 homologs GDF1 and GDF3 during early embryonic development.
Gdf3 is expressed in the inner cell mass and epiblast, and null mutants frequently exhibit abnormal formation or positioning of the anterior visceral endoderm in pre-gastrulation development
Title: The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling pathway in the pre-gastrulation mouse embryo.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Gene trapped (2) 1 citation
Targeted (2) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (2)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

C78318 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:179458

Gdf3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496657

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:489060

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within endoderm development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within endoderm development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in eye development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within formation of anatomical boundary	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within in utero embryonic development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within in utero embryonic development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within mesoderm development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within mesoderm development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within notochord development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within primitive streak formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell fate commitment	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to dietary excess	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in skeletal system development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within somite rostral/caudal axis specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: growth/differentiation factor 3

Names: VG-1-related protein 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_008108.5 → NP_032134.2 growth/differentiation factor 3 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032134.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AC158651, AK152457

Consensus CDS

CCDS20499.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q07104, Q3TUX1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3ZB19

Related

ENSMUSP00000032211.5, ENSMUST00000032211.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00204
Location:266 → 366

TGFB; Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family

pfam00688
Location:110 → 204

TGFb_propeptide; TGF-beta propeptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000072.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

122582362..122587046 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006505540.3 → XP_006505603.1 growth/differentiation factor 3 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl40434
Location:142 → 242

TGF_beta_SF; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in TGF-beta superfamily