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| Influenza A virus replication: legend |
HA, hemagglutinin, a major viral surface glycoprotein; mediates virus attachment to the cell by binding sialic acid-containing receptor; the product of vRNA4. Its cleavage product (H2) mediates membrane fusion. HA undergoes complex posttranslational modifications and exists as a trimer. Antibodies to HA neutralize the virus infectivity, but the variability of this protein allows the virus to overcome host's immune defence.