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    alr alanine racemase 1 [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

    Gene ID: 948564, updated on 23-Nov-2023

    Summary

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    Gene symbol
    alr
    Gene description
    alanine racemase 1
    Primary source
    ASAP:ABE-0013272
    Locus tag
    b4053
    See related
    ECOCYC:EG10001
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
    Lineage
    Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
    Also known as
    alr5; ECK4045
    Summary
    Alanine racemase 1 (Alr) catalyzes the interconversion of D- and L-alanine. [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10001].
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    Genomic context

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    Sequence:
    NC_000913.3 (4265782..4266861)

    NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene putative quinone oxidoreductase 1 Neighboring gene replicative DNA helicase Neighboring gene tyrosine aminotransferase Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein YjbS

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_000913.3

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Correlation between catalytic activity and monomer-dimer equilibrium of bacterial alanine racemases. Ju J, et al. J Biochem, 2011 Jan. PMID 20971724
    2. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for Marfey's derivatives of L-Ala, D-Ala, and D-Ala-D-Ala: application to the in vivo confirmation of alanine racemase as the target of cycloserine in Escherichia coli. Jamindar D, et al. Anal Biochem, 2010 Jan 1. PMID 19748470
    3. Residues Asp164 and Glu165 at the substrate entryway function potently in substrate orientation of alanine racemase from E. coli: Enzymatic characterization with crystal structure analysis. Wu D, et al. Protein Sci, 2008 Jun. PMID 18434499, Free PMC Article
    4. Directed evolution of bacterial alanine racemases with higher expression level. Ju J, et al. J Biosci Bioeng, 2005 Sep. PMID 16243272
    5. A novel assay method for an amino acid racemase reaction based on circular dichroism. Noda M, et al. Biochem J, 2005 Jul 15. PMID 15796715, Free PMC Article

    See all (20) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. a representative of fold type III, the Escherichia coli alanine racemase (ALR), is a promiscuous cystathionine beta-lyase (CBL). Furthermore, E. coli CBL (fold type I) is a promiscuous alanine racemase. A single round of error-prone PCR and selection yielded variant ALR(Y274F), which catalyzes cystathionine beta-elimination with a near-native Michaelis constant (Km = 3.3 mm) but a poor turnover number (kcat approximate...
      Title: Mechanistic and Evolutionary Insights from the Reciprocal Promiscuity of Two Pyridoxal Phosphate-dependent Enzymes.
    2. In a mouse model of urinary tract infection, NU14 DeltaampG, NU14 DeltawaaL, and NU14 Deltaalr were attenuated compared to wild-type NU14 and showed reduced fitness in competition experiments.
      Title: Molecular basis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli evasion of the innate immune response in the bladder.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables alanine racemase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables alanine racemase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables alanine racemase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables isomerase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables pyridoxal phosphate binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in D-alanine biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in D-alanine biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within D-alanine biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in alanine metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell wall organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in peptidoglycan biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cell shape IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    alanine racemase 1
    NP_418477.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      4265782..4266861
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NP_418477.1 alanine racemase 1 [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_418477.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8S7BGI8, A0A8T6PQR1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd06827
      Location:3 → 358
      PLPDE_III_AR_proteobact; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzymes, Proteobacterial Alanine Racemases
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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