par-1 [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: par-1provided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0260934
Locus tag: Dmel_CG8201
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0260934
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 27C1; anon-WO0210402.19; BcDNA:RH48823; CG11960; CG16701; CG30131; CG30132; CG8201; dMARK; Dmel\CG8201; dPar-1; dPAR-1; DPAR-1; dPar1; dPAR1; DPar1; EMK; l(2)27C1; l(2)k06323; MARK; Par-1; PAR-1; par1; Par1; PAR1
Summary: Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity and tau-protein kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of planar polarity; negative regulation of hippo signaling; and oogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including basolateral plasma membrane; fusome; and type I terminal bouton. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic/larval anterior midgut; embryonic/larval central nervous system; embryonic/larval fat body; gonad; and neuromuscular junction. Used to study neurodegenerative disease and visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Orthologous to several human genes including MARK2 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2) and MARK3 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
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Genomic context

Location:: 56D9-56D11; 2-89 cM

Exon count:: 23

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (19456170..19485686)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (15343675..15373191)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
Title: Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila.
A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
Title: A Novel Interaction between MFN2/Marf and MARK4/PAR-1 Is Implicated in Synaptic Defects and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
Title: The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes.
Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
Title: Actin-microtubule crosslinker Pod-1 tunes PAR-1 signaling to control synaptic development and tau-mediated synaptic toxicity.
Par-1 is required for cells to form cortical actin caps following syncytial Drosophila embryo development
Title: Par-1 controls the composition and growth of cortical actin caps during Drosophila embryo cleavage.
Par-1 role in the eye during development.
Title: Visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi caused by recessive pathogenic variant in MARK3.
localization of BRP-an essential active zone scaffolding protein in Drosophila, depends on the precise balance of neuronal Par-1 kinase.
Title: Levels of Par-1 kinase determine the localization of Bruchpilot at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction synapses.
orb interacts genetically with aPKC and cdc42 and in egg chambers compromised for orb activity, Par-1 and aPKC protein and aPKC mRNA are mislocalized. Moreover, like cdc42-, the defects in Par protein localization appear to be connected to abnormalities in the cortical actin cytoskeleton.
Title: The CPEB translational regulator, Orb, functions together with Par proteins to polarize the Drosophila oocyte.
Here, the authors show that the kinase PAR-1 is required for dendrite pruning and dendritic microtubule breakdown.
Title: PAR-1 promotes microtubule breakdown during dendrite pruning in Drosophila.
Shot/Patronin foci are excluded from the oocyte posterior by the Par-1 polarity kinase to generate the polarized microtubule network that localizes axis determinants
Title: Patronin/Shot Cortical Foci Assemble the Noncentrosomal Microtubule Array that Specifies the Drosophila Anterior-Posterior Axis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables tau-protein kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables tau-protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in axis specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in border follicle cell delamination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in border follicle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hippo signaling	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pole plasm oskar mRNA localization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in pole plasm protein localization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of border follicle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell cortex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in fusome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in germline ring canal	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuromuscular junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in type I terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: par-1

Names: C-TAK1-like; CG8201-PA; CG8201-PH; CG8201-PL; CG8201-PP; CG8201-PQ; CG8201-PR; CG8201-PS; CG8201-PT; CG8201-PV; CG8201-PW; CG8201-PX; ELKL motif kinase; Par-1; Par-1 kinase; Par-1 protein kinase; lethal (2) 27C1; par-1-PA; par-1-PH; par-1-PL; par-1-PP; par-1-PQ; par-1-PR; par-1-PS; par-1-PT; par-1-PV; par-1-PW; par-1-PX; partitioning defective-1

NP_001014539.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001014540.2

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001014542.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001163208.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001163209.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001163210.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_001163211.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_995893.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_995894.2

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_995899.2

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NP_995900.1

EC 2.7.11.1

EC 2.7.11.26

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

19456170..19485686

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_206177.3 → NP_995899.2 par-1, isoform V [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995899.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A1ZBL5

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd12196
Location:852 → 949

MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 566

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_206178.3 → NP_995900.1 par-1, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995900.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q9V8V8

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd12196
Location:839 → 936

MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 563

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_206172.3 → NP_995894.2 par-1, isoform X [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995894.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A1ZBL9

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd12196
Location:839 → 936

MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 563

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001014542.3 → NP_001014542.1 par-1, isoform L [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014542.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q6NPA6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 563

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001169739.2 → NP_001163210.1 par-1, isoform S [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163210.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E1JGM9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 563

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001014540.3 → NP_001014540.2 par-1, isoform W [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014540.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q963E6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:253 → 504

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:525 → 563

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:252 → 504

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_206171.4 → NP_995893.1 par-1, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_995893.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A1ZBL7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:376 → 627

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:648 → 686

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:375 → 627

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001014539.3 → NP_001014539.1 par-1, isoform Q [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014539.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7K9Q9, Q8MQR8
NM_001169740.2 → NP_001163211.1 par-1, isoform T [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163211.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q95U75, Q963E5

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:481 → 732

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:753 → 794

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:480 → 732

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001169737.2 → NP_001163208.1 par-1, isoform P [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163208.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E1JGN0, Q95U75

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd12196
Location:1042 → 1139

MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

smart00220
Location:481 → 732

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:753 → 794

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:480 → 732

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases
NM_001169738.2 → NP_001163209.1 par-1, isoform R [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001163209.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q7YU80, Q95U75

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:481 → 732

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14337
Location:753 → 791

UBA_MARK_Par1; UBA domain found in microtubule-associated protein (MAP)/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ partitioning-defective 1 (Par-1) and similar proteins

cd14072
Location:480 → 732

STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
A1ZBL5		A1ZBL5
A1ZBL7		A1ZBL7
A1ZBL9		A1ZBL9
E1JGM9		E1JGM9
E1JGN0		E1JGN0
Q6NPA6		Q6NPA6
Q7K9Q9		Q7K9Q9
Q7YU80		Q7YU80
Q8IGD5		Q8IGD5
Q8MQR8		Q8MQR8
Q95T80		Q95T80
Q95U75		Q95U75
Q963E5		Q963E5
Q963E6		Q963E6
Q9V8V7		Q9V8V7
Q9V8V8		Q9V8V8