- AMPK signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
AMPK signaling, organism-specific biosystemAMPK signaling pathway, a fuel sensor and regulator, promotes ATP-producing and inhibits ATP-consuming pathways in various tissues. AMPK is a heterotrimer composed of alpha-catalytic and beta and gam...
- APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins, organism-specific biosystemThe Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) functions during mitosis to promote sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit through the degradation of mitotic cyclins and securin. This compl...
- APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Cyclin B, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Cyclin B, organism-specific biosystemThe degradation of cyclin B1, which appears to occur at the mitotic spindle, is delayed until the metaphase /anaphase transition by the spindle assembly checkpoint and is required in order for sister...
- APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins, organism-specific biosystemFollowing phosphorylation of the APC/C core subunits by mitotic kinases, the activating protein, Cdc20 is recruited to the APC and promotes the multiubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the ...
- Activation of APC/C and APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of APC/C and APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of mitotic proteins, organism-specific biosystemAPC/C:Cdc20 is first activated at the prometaphase/metaphase transition through phosphorylation of core subunits of the APC/C by mitotic kinases as well as recruitment of the APC/C activator protein ...
- Activation of NIMA Kinases NEK9, NEK6, NEK7, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of NIMA Kinases NEK9, NEK6, NEK7, organism-specific biosystemNEK6 and NEK7 are activated during mitosis by another NIMA family kinase, NEK9 (Belham et al. 2003, Richards et al. 2009), which is activated by CDK1- and PLK1-mediated phosphorylation (Roig et al. 2...
- C-MYB transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
C-MYB transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
C-MYB transcription factor network
- Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem
Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystemA hallmark of the human cell cycle in normal somatic cells is its precision. This remarkable fidelity is achieved by a number of signal transduction pathways, known as checkpoints, which monitor cell...
- Cell Cycle, Mitotic, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic, organism-specific biosystemThe replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells are controlled by a series of events collectively known as the cell cycle. DNA replication is carried o...
- Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). Regulation of the cell cycle involves processes crucial to the survival of a c...
- Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Cell cycle, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, conserved biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Centrosome maturation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Centrosome maturation, organism-specific biosystemThe centrosome is the primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in vertebrate cells and plays an important role in orchestrating the formation of the mitotic spindle. Centrosome maturation is an ...
- Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex, organism-specific biosystemDNA damage induced activation of the checkpoint kinases Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) results in the conversion and/or maintenance of CyclinB:Cdc2 complex in its Tyrosine 15 phosphorylated (inactive) state. Cdc2...
- Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes, organism-specific biosystemThe condensin I complex is evolutionarily conserved and consists of five subunits: two SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) family subunits, SMC2 and SMC4, and three non-SMC subunits, NCAPD2, ...
- Cyclin A/B1 associated events during G2/M transition, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cyclin A/B1 associated events during G2/M transition, organism-specific biosystemCell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent protein kinases at both the G1/S and the G2/M transitions by cyclin-dependent protein kinases. The G2/M transition is regulated through the pho...
- DNA damage response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
DNA damage response, organism-specific biosystemThis is the first pathway out of two pathways which deals with DNA damage response. It has two central gene products (ATM and ATR) which are connected to the sources of DNA damage (in blue). The two ...
- Direct p53 effectors, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Direct p53 effectors, organism-specific biosystem
Direct p53 effectors
- E2F mediated regulation of DNA replication, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
E2F mediated regulation of DNA replication, organism-specific biosystemProgression through G1 and G1 to S-phase transition that initiates DNA synthesis involve many complexes that are regulated by RB1:E2F pathway. RB1:E2F pathway plays a key role in gene expression regu...
- E2F-enabled inhibition of pre-replication complex formation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
E2F-enabled inhibition of pre-replication complex formation, organism-specific biosystemUnder specific conditions, Cyclin B, a mitotic cyclin, can inhibit the functions of pre-replicative complex. E2F1 activates Cdc25A protein which regulates Cyclin B in a positive manner. Cyclin B/Cdk...
- FOXM1 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FOXM1 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
FOXM1 transcription factor network
- FoxO family signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FoxO family signaling, organism-specific biosystem
FoxO family signaling
- G1 to S cell cycle control, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
G1 to S cell cycle control, organism-specific biosystemIn the G1 phase there are two types of DNA damage responses, the p53-dependent and the p53-independent pathways. The p53-dependent responses inhibit CDKs through the up-regulation of genes encoding C...
- G1/S Transition, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G1/S Transition, organism-specific biosystemCyclin E - Cdk2 complexes control the transition from G1 into S-phase. In this case, the binding of p21Cip1/Waf1 or p27kip1 is inhibitory. Important substrates for Cyclin E - Cdk2 complexes include p...
- G2/M Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystemG2/M checkpoints include the checks for damaged DNA, unreplicated DNA, and checks that ensure that the genome is replicated once and only once per cell cycle. If cells pass these checkpoints, they f...
- G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, organism-specific biosystemThroughout the cell cycle, the genome is constantly monitored for damage, resulting either from errors of replication, by-products of metabolism or through extrinsic sources such as ultra-violet or i...
- G2/M DNA replication checkpoint, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M DNA replication checkpoint, organism-specific biosystemThe G2/M DNA replication checkpoint ensures that mitosis is not initiated until DNA replication is complete. If replication is blocked, the DNA replication checkpoint signals to maintain Cyclin B - C...
- G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystemCyclin A can also form complexes with Cdc2 (Cdk1). Together with three B-type cyclins, Cdc2 (Cdk1) regulates the transition from G2 into mitosis. These complexes are activated by dephosphorylation of...
- Golgi Cisternae Pericentriolar Stack Reorganization, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Golgi Cisternae Pericentriolar Stack Reorganization, organism-specific biosystemThe pericentriolar stacks of Golgi cisternae undergo extensive fragmentation and reorganization in mitosis. In mammalian cells, Golgi apparatus consists of stacked cisternae that are connected by tu...
- Hedgehog Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Hedgehog proteins are a family of secreted ligands that include sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog and desert hedgehog in humans. Binding of Hedgehog ligands to their receptors, Patched 1 and 2, pre...
- M Phase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
M Phase, organism-specific biosystemMitosis, or the M phase, involves nuclear division and cytokinesis, where two identical daughter cells are produced. Mitosis involves prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Fin...
- MASTL Facilitates Mitotic Progression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MASTL Facilitates Mitotic Progression, organism-specific biosystemThe activity of MASTL, also known as the Greatwall kinase (GWL), is necessary for the entry and progression of mitosis. MASTL is activated by phosphorylation of several key residues during mitotic en...
- Mitotic G1-G1/S phases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Mitotic G1-G1/S phases, organism-specific biosystem
Mitotic G1-G1/S phases
- Mitotic G2-G2/M phases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases, organism-specific biosystem
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
- Mitotic Prometaphase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Mitotic Prometaphase, organism-specific biosystemThe dissolution of the nuclear membrane marks the beginning of the prometaphase. Kinetochores are created when proteins attach to the centromeres. Microtubules then attach at the kinetochores, and th...
- Mitotic Prophase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Mitotic Prophase, organism-specific biosystemDuring prophase, the chromatin in the nucleus condenses, and the nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to the opposite poles or sides of the cell. Some of the fibers that extend from the cen...
- Nuclear Envelope Breakdown, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown, organism-specific biosystemThe nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) happens in late prophase of mitosis and involves disassembly of the nuclear pore complex, depolymerization of the nuclear lamina, and clearance of nuclear envelo...
- Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
- Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
- PLK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
PLK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
PLK1 signaling events
- Phosphorylation of Emi1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phosphorylation of Emi1, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphorylation of Emi1, which is required for its degradation in mitosis, appears to involve both Plk1 and Cdk1.
- Phosphorylation of the APC/C, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phosphorylation of the APC/C, organism-specific biosystemPhosphorylation of APC subunits is required for Cdc20 mediated activation by of the APC/C at the metaphase anaphase transition (Kramer et al., 2000). While the kinases responsible for phosphorylation...
- Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, organism-specific biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
- Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, conserved biosystemXenopus oocytes are naturally arrested at G2 of meiosis I. Exposure to either insulin/IGF-1 or the steroid hormone progesterone breaks this arrest and induces resumption of the two meiotic division c...
- Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes, organism-specific biosystemThe NuMA protein, which functions as a nuclear matrix protein in interphase (Merdes and Cleveland 1998), redistributes to the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope breakdown where it plays an essen...
- Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes, organism-specific biosystemThe mitotic spindle becomes established once centrosomes have migrated to opposite poles and the nuclear envelope has broken down. During this stage, interphase centrosomes mature into mitotic centro...
- Regulation of APC/C activators between G1/S and early anaphase, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of APC/C activators between G1/S and early anaphase, organism-specific biosystemThe APC/C is activated by either Cdc20 or Cdh1. While both activators associate with the APC/C, they do so at different points in the cell cycle and their binding is regulated differently (see Zacha...
- Regulation of mitotic cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle
- Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion, organism-specific biosystemThe resolution of sister chromatids in mitotic prometaphase involves removal of cohesin complexes from chromosomal arms, with preservation of cohesion at centromeres (Losada et al. 1998, Hauf et al. ...
- Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation, organism-specific biosystem
Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
- p53 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
p53 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemp53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated ge...
- p53 signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
p53 signaling pathway, conserved biosystemp53 activation is induced by a number of stress signals, including DNA damage, oxidative stress and activated oncogenes. The p53 protein is employed as a transcriptional activator of p53-regulated ge...