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    SOCS2 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8835, updated on 11-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    SOCS2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    suppressor of cytokine signaling 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:19382
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000120833; HPRD:05490; MIM:605117; Vega:OTTHUMG00000170160
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CIS2; SSI2; Cish2; SSI-2; SOCS-2; STATI2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family. SOCS family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine receptor signaling via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription pathway (the JAK/STAT pathway). SOCS family proteins interact with major molecules of signaling complexes to block further signal transduction, in part, by proteasomal depletion of receptors or signal-transducing proteins via ubiquitination. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and by cytokine receptors such as growth horomone receptor. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosomes 20 and 22. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]
    Location :
    12q
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 12; NC_000012.11 (93963598..93970521)
    See SOCS2 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42 Neighboring gene SOCS2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain) pseudogene Neighboring gene CASP2 and RIPK1 domain containing adaptor with death domain

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, and SOCS3 in growth hormone-stimulated skin fibroblasts from children with idiopathic short stature. Ocaranza P, et al. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2012. PMID 22768656.
    2. Saponin inhibits hepatitis C virus propagation by up-regulating suppressor of cytokine signaling 2. Lee J, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 22745742.
    3. LPS regulates SOCS2 transcription in a type I interferon dependent autocrine-paracrine loop. Hu J, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 22291912.
    4. Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Wang J, et al. Mol Syst Biol, 2011 Oct 11. PMID 21988832.
    5. The SOCS2 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates growth hormone receptor levels. Vesterlund M, et al. PLoS One, 2011. PMID 21980433.

    See all (68) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. Data demonstrated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) protein level was distinctively increased by saponin, which in turn resulted in inhibition of HCV replication.
      Title: Saponin inhibits hepatitis C virus propagation by up-regulating suppressor of cytokine signaling 2.
    2. High SOCS2 is associated with idiopathic short stature.
      Title: Expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, and SOCS3 in growth hormone-stimulated skin fibroblasts from children with idiopathic short stature.
    3. LPS regulates SOCS2 transcription in a type I interferon dependent autocrine-paracrine loop.
      Title: LPS regulates SOCS2 transcription in a type I interferon dependent autocrine-paracrine loop.
    4. We propose a model in which SOCS2 acts as a negative regulator of TLR-induced dendritic cell activation
      Title: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is a feedback inhibitor of TLR-induced activation in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
    5. Observational study of genetic testing. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: A multiplex MALDI-TOF MS approach facilitates genotyping of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour specimens.
    6. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
    7. Data show that knockdown of SOCS2 resulted in the accumulation of p-Pyk2(Tyr402) and blocked NK cell effector functions.
      Title: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 regulates IL-15-primed human NK cell function via control of phosphorylated Pyk2.
    8. Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia.
    9. Probiotic administration increased expression of SOCS-2 and SOCS-3 in Helicobacter pylori infection to limit inflammatory signaling.
      Title: Anti-inflammatory actions of probiotics through activating suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) expression and signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection: a novel mechanism.
    10. SOCS2 is required for appropriate TLR4 signaling in maturating human DCs via both the MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathway
      Title: SOCS2 influences LPS induced human monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (27)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat, p14 tat HIV-1 Tat impairs the IFNgamma-receptor signaling pathway in primary human monocytes at the level of STAT1 activation via Tat-dependent induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2) activity PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_003868.1 NP_000866.1 IGF1R    BIND  PubMed Interaction of Human Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)-2 with the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor 
    O14508 P19235 EPOR    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 P10912 GHR    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 P08069 IGF1R    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 P06213 INSR    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 P16471 PRLR    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 Q05397 PTK2    HPRD  PubMed  
    O14508 O14543 SOCS3    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:117174 ARFIP2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:107116 BMI1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:107333 CCNC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:113743 CUL5    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:108371 EPOR    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; PCA; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:108957 GHR    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:109701 IGF1R    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:110124 LCK    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:111336 PLA2G1B    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:111603 PRLR    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:111719 PTK2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:108480 PTK2B    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:114977 RNF7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:116997 RYBP    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:114203 SOCS1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:114488 SOCS3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:112783 TCEB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:112785 TCEB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:114362 BioGRID:113016 TPD52    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    • Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
    • ECS complex, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      ECS complex, organism-specific biosystemStructural complex; Genetic information processing; Ubiquitin system
    • ECS complex, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      ECS complex, conserved biosystemStructural complex; Genetic information processing; Ubiquitin system
    • Growth hormone receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Growth hormone receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystemGrowth hormone (Somatotropin or GH) is a key factor in determining lean body mass, stimulating the growth and metabolism of muscle, bone and cartilage cells, while reducing body fat. It has many othe...
    • IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-3 belongs to a family of cytokines, which includes IL-5 and GM-CSF. It signals through a receptor complex comprising of an IL-3 specific IL-3 receptor alpha subunit (IL3RA) and a common b...
    • IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL2-mediated signaling events
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Insulin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
    • Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Insulin signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the r...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Jak-STAT signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of a handful of pleiotropic cascades used to transduce a multitude of signals for development and homeost...
    • Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Leptin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemLeptin is a peptide hormone mainly synthesised and secreted from adipocytes. It is also expressed in other tissues including placenta, stomach and skeletal muscle. Leptin mediates its effects by bind...
    • Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Prolactin Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemProlactin (PRL), a pleiotropic polypeptide hormone, mostly secreted by the lactotrophic cells of anterior pituitary gland and to a lesser extent expressed in numerous extra pituitary tissues such as ...
    • Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemInsulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. "Diabetogenic" factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Ser...
    • Type II diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type II diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemInsulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. "Diabetogenic" factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Ser...

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    SH3/SH2 adaptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    growth hormone receptor binding NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    insulin-like growth factor receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    prolactin receptor binding NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    JAK-STAT cascade TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    aging IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cellular response to hormone stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    growth hormone receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    protein ubiquitination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of JAK-STAT cascade TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of cell growth NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of signal transduction NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to estradiol stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytoplasm NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    suppressor of cytokine signaling 2
    Names
    suppressor of cytokine signaling 2
    CIS-2
    STAT induced STAT inhibitor-2
    STAT-induced STAT inhibitor 2
    STAT-induced STAT inhibitor-2
    cytokine-inducible SH2 protein 2
    suppressor of cytokine signaling-2

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001270467.1 → NP_001257396.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 5. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665, DA709082
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    2. NM_001270468.1 → NP_001257397.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 5. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665, DA490057
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    3. NM_001270469.1 → NP_001257398.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 5. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665, DB054162
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    4. NM_001270470.1 → NP_001257399.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665, DB054162, DB481261
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    5. NM_001270471.1 → NP_001257400.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 5. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665, DC300183
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    6. NM_003877.4 → NP_003868.1  suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 5. Variants 1-6 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI129818, AK313165, AL522912, BC010399, BJ996504, CD699665
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9047.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14508
      Related
      ENSP00000339428, OTTHUMP00000243097, ENST00000340600, OTTHUMT00000407731
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd03736
      Location:158 – 198
      Blast Score: 199
      SOCS_SOCS2; SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS2-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. SOCS2 has recently been shown to regulate ...
      cd10383
      Location:40 – 142
      Blast Score: 543
      SH2_SOCS2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      93963598..93970521
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000144.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      91011433..91037277
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018923.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      93805811..93812734
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic ABBA01053372.1 (265869..270638) None
    genomic ABBA01053373.1 None
    genomic ABBA01053374.1 None
    genomic ABBA01053375.1 None
    genomic AC012085.4 (10060..16440) None
    genomic AF132441.1 AAD27710.1
    genomic AMYH01004660.1 (70761..77684) None
    genomic CH471054.1 EAW97492.1
      EAW97493.1
    mRNA AB004903.1 BAA22429.1
    mRNA AB006966.1 BAA22536.1
    mRNA AB451318.1 BAG70132.1
    mRNA AF020590.1 AAC98896.1
    mRNA AF037989.1 AAC34745.1
    mRNA AI129818.1 None
    mRNA AK290546.1 BAF83235.1
    mRNA AK297662.1 BAG60027.1
    mRNA AK309452.1 None
    mRNA AK313165.1 BAG35983.1
    mRNA AL522912.3 None
    mRNA BC010399.1 AAH10399.1
    mRNA BC070039.1 None
    mRNA BJ996504.1 None
    mRNA CD699665.1 None
    mRNA DA490057.1 None
    mRNA DA709082.1 None
    mRNA DB054162.1 None
    mRNA DB481261.1 None
    mRNA DC300183.1 None
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O14508.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O14508

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
        Related PubChem BioAssays
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
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        Link to related Nucleotide entry
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        Link to related protein entry
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        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
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        SNPs linked from GeneView
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        Gene Genotype Report
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

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