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    ACTN4 actinin, alpha 4 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 81, updated on 19-May-2012

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    ACTN4provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    actinin, alpha 4provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:166
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000130402; HPRD:05222; MIM:604638; Vega:OTTHUMG00000137382
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    FSGS; FSGS1; ACTININ-4; DKFZp686K23158
    Summary
    Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

    Genomic context

    Location :
    19q13
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 19; NC_000019.9 (39138267..39221171)
    See ACTN4 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit K Neighboring gene calpain 12 Neighboring gene lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7 Neighboring gene lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7B

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env The interaction of the long cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 gp41 with the carboxy-terminal regulatory domain of p115-RhoGEF inhibits p115-mediated actin stress fiber formation and activation of serum response factor (SRF) PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NP_004915.2 NP_741960.1 CAMK2A    BIND  PubMed CAMK2A (CaMKII-alpha) interacts with ACTN4 (alpha-Actinin 4). 
    NP_004915.2 NP_742075.1 CAMK2B    BIND  PubMed CAMK2B (CaMKII-beta) interacts with ACTN4 (alpha-Actinin 4). 
    NP_004915.2 NP_065845.1 LRRC7    BIND  PubMed LRRC7 (Densin-180) interacts with ACTN4 (alpha-Actinin 4). This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between rat LRCC7 and human ACTN4. 
    NP_004915.2 NP_066272.1 PDLIM1    BIND  PubMed CLP-36 interacts with alpha-actinin 4. 
    O43707 P68032 ACTC1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q08043 ACTN3    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P29274 ADORA2A    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P15313 ATP6V1B1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q9UQM7 CAMK2A    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q13554 CAMK2B    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q13555 CAMK2G    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P38432 COIL    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q9UMD9 COL17A1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P06396 GSN    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P05556 ITGB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q96NW7 LRRC7    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q96QZ7 MAGI1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q9NP98 MYOZ1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q9NPC6 MYOZ2    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P20929 NEB    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P35228 NOS2    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 O00151 PDLIM1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q06124 PTPN11    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P29350 PTPN6    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q9NZJ4 SACS    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P05121 SERPINE1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 P14672 SLC2A4    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q15599 SLC9A3R2    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q07157 TJP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 O75382 TRIM3    HPRD  PubMed  
    O43707 Q92738 USP6NL    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:112221 ATXN7    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:107265 CAMK2A    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:107266 CAMK2B    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:107463 CDKN2A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:107704 COL17A1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:108403 ESR1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:109189 GSN    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:115331 HDAC5    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:119613 HDAC7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:120076 INO80    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:250730 Lrrc7    BioGRID  PubMed Far Western; Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:114655 MAGI1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:110369 MEF2A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:121849 MYOZ1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:119726 MYOZ2    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:248286 P2rx7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:114572 PDLIM1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:111657 PSMA3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:114754 SLC9A3R2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:112649 STAT1    BioGRID  PubMed Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:112937 TJP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:115858 TRIM3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:113190 UBTF    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:119509 UCHL5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:115063 USP6NL    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:106596 BioGRID:113264 VDR    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 

    General gene information

    Markers

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Adherens junction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Adherens junction, organism-specific biosystemCell-cell adherens junctions (AJs), the most common type of intercellular adhesions, are important for maintaining tissue architecture and cell polarity and can limit cell movement and proliferation....
    • Adherens junction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Adherens junction, conserved biosystemCell-cell adherens junctions (AJs), the most common type of intercellular adhesions, are important for maintaining tissue architecture and cell polarity and can limit cell movement and proliferation....
    • Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
    • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), organism-specific biosystemArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disease that may result in arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. The hallmark pathological findings are prog...
    • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), conserved biosystemArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disease that may result in arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. The hallmark pathological findings are prog...
    • Cell-Cell communication, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Cell-Cell communication, organism-specific biosystemCell-to-Cell communication is crucial for multicellular organisms because it allows organisms to coordinate the activity of their cells. Some cell-to-cell communication requires direct cell-cell cont...
    • Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Focal adhesion, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Focal adhesion, conserved biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
    • Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
    • Leukocyte transendothelial migration, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leukocyte transendothelial migration, organism-specific biosystemLeukocyte migaration from the blood into tissues is vital for immune surveillance and inflammation. During this diapedesis of leukocytes, the leukocytes bind to endothelial cell adhesion molecules (C...
    • Leukocyte transendothelial migration, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leukocyte transendothelial migration, conserved biosystemLeukocyte migaration from the blood into tissues is vital for immune surveillance and inflammation. During this diapedesis of leukocytes, the leukocytes bind to endothelial cell adhesion molecules (C...
    • Nephrin interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Nephrin interactions, organism-specific biosystemNephrin is a member of the Super-IgG-Molecule family and is most prominently expressed in kidney podocytes. It is a major if not the most important structural component of the slit diaphragm, a modif...
    • Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
    • Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
    • Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
    • Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem
      Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
    • Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
    • Striated Muscle Contraction, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Striated Muscle Contraction, organism-specific biosystem
      Striated Muscle Contraction
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Tight junction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tight junction, organism-specific biosystemEpithelial tight junctions (TJs) are composed of at least three types of transmembrane protein -occludin, claudin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs)- and a cytoplasmic 'plaque' consisting of ma...
    • Tight junction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tight junction, conserved biosystemEpithelial tight junctions (TJs) are composed of at least three types of transmembrane protein -occludin, claudin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs)- and a cytoplasmic 'plaque' consisting of ma...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    actin binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    actin filament binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    calcium ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    integrin binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    nucleoside binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein N-terminus binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein homodimerization activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    actin filament bundle assembly IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    blood coagulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    negative regulation of cellular component movement IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    platelet activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    platelet degranulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    positive regulation of cellular component movement IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of cellular component movement IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of pinocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    regulation of apoptotic process NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cortical cytoskeleton IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    platelet alpha granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    protein complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    pseudopodium TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    ribonucleoprotein complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    stress fiber IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    alpha-actinin-4
    Names
    alpha-actinin-4
    actinin alpha4 isoform
    non-muscle alpha-actinin 4
    F-actin cross-linking protein
    focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_007082.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4941..87845
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_004924.4NP_004915.2  alpha-actinin-4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AA847056, BC005033, BM841805, BP332596
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS12518.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O43707
      Related
      ENSP00000252699, OTTHUMP00000174445, ENST00000252699, OTTHUMT00000268091
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd00014
      Location:164268
      Blast Score: 226
      CH; Calponin homology domain; actin-binding domain which may be present as a single copy or in tandem repeats (which increases binding affinity). The CH domain is found in cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins, including actin-binding proteins like ...
      cd00051
      Location:769836
      Blast Score: 135
      EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...
      cd00176
      Location:414640
      Blast Score: 247
      SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
      pfam08726
      Location:841907
      Blast Score: 284
      efhand_Ca_insen; Ca2+ insensitive EF hand
      pfam13499
      Location:777835
      Blast Score: 95
      EF_hand_5; EF-hand domain pair

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.9 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      39138267..39221171
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000151.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      35584836..35667954
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC008649.8 (63535..126681) None
    genomic AC022144.8 (74749..94445) None
    genomic CH471126.1 EAW56809.1
      EAW56810.1
      EAW56811.1
    mRNA AA478431.1 None
    mRNA AA847056.1 None
    mRNA AK299955.1 BAG61782.1
    mRNA AK304554.1 BAG65349.1
    mRNA AK309361.1 None
    mRNA AK309363.1 None
    mRNA AK309364.1 None
    mRNA AU118403.1 None
    mRNA BC005033.1 AAH05033.1
    mRNA BC015620.2 AAH15620.2
    mRNA BM841805.1 None
    mRNA BP332596.1 None
    mRNA BX647098.1 None
    mRNA D89980.1 BAA24447.1
    mRNA DQ431186.1 ABD96103.1
    mRNA GU987085.1 ADG03678.1
    mRNA U48734.1 AAC17470.1
    other-genetic DQ893439.2 ABM84365.1
    other-genetic DQ896777.2 ABM87776.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O43707.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O43707
    Q96BG6 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q96BG6

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