WARS tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: WARSprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:12729
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000140105; HPRD:01845; MIM:191050; Vega:OTTHUMG00000171572
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IFI53; IFP53; GAMMA-2
Summary: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution. Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a mitochondrial form, named WARS2. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by interferon. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class I tRNA synthetase family. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Genomic context

Location :: 14q32.31

Sequence :: Chromosome: 14; NC_000014.8 (100800125..100842680, complement)

See WARS in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase down-regulation by hypoxia may be a factor responsible for low TrpRS in pancreatic tumors with high metastatic ability.
Title: Hypoxia signature of splice forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase marks pancreatic cancer cells with distinct metastatic abilities.
Mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inhibited ischemic angiogenesis in rats.
Title: Effect of mini-tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase on ischemic angiogenesis in rats: proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.
Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a multidomain protein exhibiting excellent allosteric communication, and this research has provided valuable structural as well as functional insights into the protein.
Title: Allostery and conformational free energy changes in human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from essential dynamics and structure networks.
Low tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is associated with recurrence in colorectal cancer.
Title: The prognostic significance of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in colorectal cancer.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) may control autoimmune responses by depleting the available tryptophan, whereas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TTS) may counteract this effect
Title: Increased TTS abrogates IDO-mediated CD4(+) T cells suppression in patients with Graves' disease.
the annexin II-S100A10 complex, which regulates exocytosis, forms a ternary complex with TrpRS.
Title: Evidence for annexin II-S100A10 complex and plasmin in mobilization of cytokine activity of human TrpRS.
Analysis of the molecular basis of the mechanisms of the substrate recognition and the activation reaction by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase.
Title: Catalytic mechanism of the tryptophan activation reaction revealed by crystal structures of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in different enzymatic states.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip.
Results provide the first evidence of the involvement of heme in regulation of TrpRS aminoacylation activity.
Title: Human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase binds with heme to enhance its aminoacylation activity.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (20)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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HIV-1 protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
capsid	gag	The Capsid domain of HIV-1 Gag is sufficient for the interaction of Gag with tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in an in vitro pull-down assay	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
AAA61298.1	NP_001393.1	EEF1A1	BIND	PubMed	WRS interacts with EF-1-alpha.
P23381	O75956	CDK2AP2	HPRD	PubMed
P23381	P68104	EEF1A1	HPRD	PubMed
P23381	P40926	MDH2	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:117393	DCAF13	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:122485	DDA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:108126	DNMT3B	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:108901	GBAS	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:110356	MDH2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:111657	PSMA3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:113292	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
ligase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
gene expression	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
negative regulation of cell proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
translation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
soluble fraction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

Preferred Names: tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic

Names: tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; hWRS; trpRS; interferon-induced protein 53; tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic

NP_004175.2

EC 6.1.1.2

NP_776049.1

EC 6.1.1.2

NP_998810.1

EC 6.1.1.2

NP_998811.1

EC 6.1.1.2

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029914.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..47556

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_004184.3 → NP_004175.2 tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AK130698, AV710027, BC017489

Consensus CDS

CCDS9960.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P23381

Related

ENSP00000376620, OTTHUMP00000246493, ENST00000392882, OTTHUMT00000414234

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00936
Location:12 – 61
Blast Score: 190

WEPRS_RNA; WEPRS_RNA binding domain. This short RNA-binding domain is found in several higher eukaryote aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). It is found in multiple copies in eukaryotic bifunctional glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetases (EPRS) in a region that separates ...

cd00806
Location:157 – 441
Blast Score: 849

TrpRS_core; catalytic core domain of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
NM_173701.1 → NP_776049.1 tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AK056100, AK130698, BC017489

Consensus CDS

CCDS9960.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P23381

Related

ENSP00000347495, OTTHUMP00000246495, ENST00000355338, OTTHUMT00000414236

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00936
Location:12 – 61
Blast Score: 190

WEPRS_RNA; WEPRS_RNA binding domain. This short RNA-binding domain is found in several higher eukaryote aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). It is found in multiple copies in eukaryotic bifunctional glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetases (EPRS) in a region that separates ...

cd00806
Location:157 – 441
Blast Score: 849

TrpRS_core; catalytic core domain of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
NM_213645.1 → NP_998810.1 tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform b

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) uses a downstream start codon but has the same C-terminus compared to isoform a. Variants 3 and 4 both encode isoform b.

Source sequence(s)

AK130698, BC017489, BG717903

Consensus CDS

CCDS9961.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P23381

Related

ENSP00000351481, OTTHUMP00000246494, ENST00000358655, OTTHUMT00000414235

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00806
Location:116 – 400
Blast Score: 847

TrpRS_core; catalytic core domain of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
NM_213646.1 → NP_998811.1 tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic isoform b

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) uses a downstream start codon but has the same C-terminus compared to isoform a. Variants 3 and 4 both encode isoform b.

Source sequence(s)

AK130698, BC017489, BM561448, BM834473

Consensus CDS

CCDS9961.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P23381

Related

ENSP00000339485, OTTHUMP00000246496, ENST00000344102, OTTHUMT00000414237

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00806
Location:116 – 400
Blast Score: 847

TrpRS_core; catalytic core domain of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000014.8 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

100800125..100842680, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000146.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

80981470..81024059, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AL135838.6 (77584..83208)	None
genomic	AL157871.5 (141758..178688)	None
genomic	CH471061.1	EAW81700.1
		EAW81701.1
		EAW81702.1
		EAW81703.1
genomic	S82904.1	AAB39380.1
genomic	S82905.1	AAB39381.1
genomic	X67923.1	CAB94199.1
mRNA	AK025487.1	None
mRNA	AK056100.1	BAG51626.1
mRNA	AK130698.1	None
mRNA	AK291141.1	BAF83830.1
mRNA	AK300255.1	BAG62020.1
mRNA	AV710027.1	None
mRNA	BC017489.1	AAH17489.1
mRNA	BC095453.1	AAH95453.1
mRNA	BG717903.1	None
mRNA	BM561448.1	None
mRNA	BM834473.1	None
mRNA	BX248006.1	CAD62335.1
mRNA	M61715.1	AAA61298.1
mRNA	M77804.1	AAA67324.1
mRNA	X59892.1	CAA42545.1
mRNA	X62570.1	CAA44450.1