TRO trophinin [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: TROprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: trophininprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:12326
Locus tag: RP6-14C6.1
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000067445; HPRD:02134; MIM:300132; Vega:OTTHUMG00000021640
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: MAGED3; MAGE-d3; KIAA1114
Summary: This gene encodes a membrane protein that mediates apical cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and luminal epithelial cells of the endometrium and is implicated in the initial attachment during the process of embryo implantation. This gene is related to the MAGED gene family by sequence similarity and chromosome location. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene; however, the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Genomic context

Location :: Xp11.22-p11.21

Sequence :: Chromosome: X; NC_000023.10 (54947249..54957864)

See TRO in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome X - NC_000023.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

report dual roles for trophinin in human cancers in terms of promoting malignancy in some tumor types and suppressing it in others
Title: Trophinin in cell adhesion and signal transduction.
Trophinin induced apoptosis in endometrial epithelial cells through protein kinase C-delta.
Title: Trophinin-mediated cell adhesion induces apoptosis of human endometrial epithelial cells through PKC-δ.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
Overexpression of trophinin leads to a more invasive phenotype and metastatic potential in human gallbladder cancer transfected into nude mice.
Title: Enhanced expression of trophinin promotes invasive and metastatic potential of human gallbladder cancer cells.
Confocal microscopy analysis of ectopically expressed magphinins revealed that magphinin-alpha and -beta localize in the cytoplasm, whereas magphinin-gamma lacking the peptide encoded by exon-3 is nuclear.
Title: Nuclear localization of magphinins, alternative splicing products of the human trophinin gene.
When magphinin-gamma was expressed in NIH3T3 cells, cells underwent G1 arrest. These results suggest that human magphinin-gamma inhibits cell cycle progression through nuclear activity.
Title: Nuclear localization of magphinins, alternative splicing products of the human trophinin gene.
results provide a mechanism for trophinin-mediated adhesion of human blastocyst to endometrium by a spatially and temporally restricted paracrine effect of hCG derived from the blastocyst
Title: Induction of trophinin in human endometrial surface epithelia by CGbeta and IL-1beta.
Trophinin functions as an adhesion molecule on the cell surface and as a molecular switch for trophoblast activation in the cytoplasm.
Title: Signal transduction in human embryo implantation.
results suggest that trophinin promotes colorectal cancer invasion through a mechanism involving HMGB1/RAGE
Title: The role of trophinin, an adhesion molecule unique to human trophoblasts, in progression of colorectal cancer.
infertile women with endometriosis or unexplained infertility had significantly weakened trophinin expression in the endometrium in the mid-luteal phase
Title: Expression of trophinin in the cycling endometrium and its association with infertility.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (16)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
Q12816	Q13895	BYSL	HPRD	PubMed
Q12816	P01100	FOS	HPRD	PubMed
Q12816	Q93009	USP7	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:113067	BioGRID:107167	BYSL	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:113067	BioGRID:115341	TROAP	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:113067	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
embryo implantation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
homophilic cell adhesion	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
integral to plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

Preferred Names: trophinin

Names: trophinin; magphinin; MAGE-D3 antigen; MAGE superfamily protein

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_012806.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..15616

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001039705.1 → NP_001034794.1 trophinin isoform 5

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (5).

Source sequence(s)

AB029037, AU279883, BM693634

Consensus CDS

CCDS43959.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q12816

Related

ENSP00000173898, OTTHUMP00000023387, ENST00000173898, OTTHUMT00000056837

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01454
Location:451 – 620
Blast Score: 748

MAGE; MAGE family
NM_016157.2 → NP_057241.2 trophinin isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 6. The resulting isoform (2, also known as magphinin beta) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 5.

Source sequence(s)

AF349720, AK027489

Consensus CDS

CCDS43958.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q9BX90

Related

ENSP00000318278, OTTHUMP00000180636, ENST00000319167, OTTHUMT00000280591

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01454
Location:451 – 620
Blast Score: 696

MAGE; MAGE family
NM_177556.1 → NP_808224.1 trophinin isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, 3' UTR, and coding region compared to variant 6. The resulting isoform (2, also known as magphinin beta) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 5.

Source sequence(s)

AF349720

Consensus CDS

CCDS43958.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q9BX90

Related

ENSP00000364162, OTTHUMP00000180629, ENST00000375022, OTTHUMT00000280584

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01454
Location:451 – 620
Blast Score: 696

MAGE; MAGE family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000023.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

54947249..54957864

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000155.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

51998976..52009749

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_177555.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_177555.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
NM_177557.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_177557.1: This RefSeq was temporarily suppressed because currently there is not sufficient data to support this transcript.
NM_177558.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_177558.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AL049732.11	CAB86651.2
		CAM26848.1
		CAM26849.1
		CAM26850.1
genomic	CH471154.1	EAW93200.1
		EAW93201.1
		EAW93202.1
		EAW93203.1
		EAW93204.1
		EAW93205.1
		EAW93206.1
mRNA	AB029037.2	BAA83066.3
mRNA	AF349719.1	AAK30170.1
mRNA	AF349720.1	AAK30171.1
mRNA	AF349721.1	AAK30172.1
mRNA	AF349722.1	AAK30173.1
mRNA	AK001300.1	BAA91609.1
mRNA	AK027489.1	BAB55149.1
mRNA	AK027861.1	BAG51387.1
mRNA	AK225841.1	None
mRNA	AK296329.1	BAG59020.1
mRNA	AK299568.1	BAG61509.1
mRNA	AU279883.1	None
mRNA	BC026914.1	None
mRNA	BM693634.1	None
mRNA	U04811.2	AAA79334.2

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
Q12816.3	GenPept	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q12816
Q9BX88	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9BX88
Q9BX89	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9BX89
Q9BX90	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9BX90
Q9BX91	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9BX91
Q9NVY3	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q9NVY3