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    C3 complement component 3 [ Homo sapiens ]

    Gene ID: 718, updated on 19-May-2012

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    C3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    complement component 3provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:1318
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000125730; HPRD:00400; MIM:120700; Vega:OTTHUMG00000150335
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ASP; AHUS5; ARMD9; CPAMD1
    Summary
    Complement component C3 plays a central role in the activation of complement system. Its activation is required for both classical and alternative complement activation pathways. People with C3 deficiency are susceptible to bacterial infection. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

    Genomic context

    Location :
    19p13.3-p13.2
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 19; NC_000019.9 (6677846..6720662, complement)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 50 Neighboring gene tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 14 Neighboring gene G protein-coupled receptor 108 Neighboring gene thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Preincubation of HIV-1 gp41 with either factor H or properdin, and of HIV-1 gp120 with C3b or C4b affect the interaction between HIV-1 gp41 and gp120 PubMed
    env A synthetic peptide covering positions 233-251 of the HIV-1 gp120 protein binds to complement proteins C3, C4, C5, C9, and properdin PubMed
    env Complexes of recombinant HIV-1 gp120 with anti-HIV-1 antibodies cleave C3 and present generated C3 fragments on the cell surface PubMed
    env Inhibition of DAF or use of factor H depleted sera significantly increases C3 deposition on recombinant HIV-1 gp120 coated CD4 cells PubMed
    env Complement proteins C4, C3d, C5b-9, and properdin bind to HIV-1 gp120-coated CD4+ T cells of healthy individuals when incubated in autologous serum PubMed
    env Amino acid residues 100-129, 161-190, 231-250, 301-328, 410-449, and 470-499 of HIV-1 gp120 are involved in its binding to C3 PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Complement component 3 (C3) production is upregulated by HIV-1 gp160 PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 induces the upregulation of complement factor C3 in astrocytes and neurons through signaling pathways that involve protein kinase C and adenylate cyclase activation, which is an effect that may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS in the brain PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    P01024 P00519 ABL1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P06681 C2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P01024 C3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q16581 C3AR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P01031 C5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P15529 CD46    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P00751 CFB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P08603 CFH    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q02985 CFHR3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q92496 CFHR4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q9BXR6 CFHR5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P05156 CFI    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P27918 CFP    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P15169 CPN1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P17927 CR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P20023 CR2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P08311 CTSG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P02774 GC    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q9P296 GPR77    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P11215 ITGAM    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P20702 ITGAX    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P25391 LAMA1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q07954 LRP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 P48740 MASP1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Olfactomedin 4 OLFM4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q13219 PAPPA    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01024 Q9Y279 VSIG4    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:107188 C5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:107098 CFB    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:109324 CFH    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:116086 CFHR3    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:116085 CFHR4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:123503 CFHR5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:109652 CFI    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:111222 CFP    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:107761 CPN1    BioGRID  PubMed Biochemical Activity 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:109893 ITGAX    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:111822 RAD21    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:107179 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 

    General gene information

    Markers

    Homology

    Pathways from BioSystems

    • Activation of C3 and C5, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Activation of C3 and C5, organism-specific biosystemThe 3 pathways of complement activation converge on the cleavage of C3 by C3 convertases. C3 convertase cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b - a central step of complement activation. C3a remains in the flu...
    • Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
    • Alternative complement activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Alternative complement activation, organism-specific biosystemThe proteins participating in alternative pathway activation are C3 (and C3b), the factors B, D, and properdin. In the first place, alternative pathway activation is a positive feedback mechanism to ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystemRhodopsin-like receptors (class A/1) are the largest group of GPCRs and are the best studied group from a functional and structural point of view. They show great diversity at the sequence level and ...
    • Complement Activation, Classical Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Complement Activation, Classical Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe complement system is a biochemical cascade that helps, or ???complements???, the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the immune system called the innate immun...
    • Complement and Coagulation Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Complement and Coagulation Cascades, organism-specific biosystemBlood coagulation is a series of coordinated and calcium-dependent proenzyme-to-serine protease conversions likely to be localized on the surfaces of activated cells in vivo. It culminates in the for...
    • Complement and coagulation cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Complement and coagulation cascades, organism-specific biosystemThe complement system is a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma and a mediator of innate immunity, a nonspecific defense mechanism against pathogens. There are three pathways of complement activation:...
    • Complement and coagulation cascades, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Complement and coagulation cascades, conserved biosystemThe complement system is a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma and a mediator of innate immunity, a nonspecific defense mechanism against pathogens. There are three pathways of complement activation:...
    • Complement cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Complement cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe complement system is a biochemical cascade, so named because it 'complements' the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens. It is part of the innate immune system. Complement system proteins circ...
    • G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      G alpha (i) signalling events, organism-specific biosystemThe classical signalling mechanism for G alpha (i) is inhibition of the cAMP dependent pathway through inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Decreased production of cAMP from ATP results in decreased act...
    • GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classically defined as the receptor, G-protein and downstream effectors, the alpha subunit of the G-protein being the primary signaling molecule. However, it h...
    • GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystemThere are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) in the human genome, making it the largest receptor superfamily. GPCRs are also the largest class of drug targets, involved in virtually all...
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
    • Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell, organism-specific biosystemA number of receptors and cell adhesion molecules play a key role in modifying the response of cells of lymphoid origin (such as B-, T- and NK cells) to self and tumor antigens, as well as to pathoge...
    • Initial triggering of complement, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Initial triggering of complement, organism-specific biosystemComplement activation is due to a cascade of proteolytic steps, performed by serine protease domains in some of the components. Three different pathways of activation are distinguished triggered by t...
    • Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystemThese receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins.
    • Pertussis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, organism-specific biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Pertussis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, conserved biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Phagosome, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Phagosome, organism-specific biosystemPhagocytosis is the process of taking in relatively large particles by a cell, and is a central mechanism in the tissue remodeling, inflammation, and defense against infectious agents. A phagosome is...
    • Phagosome, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Phagosome, conserved biosystemPhagocytosis is the process of taking in relatively large particles by a cell, and is a central mechanism in the tissue remodeling, inflammation, and defense against infectious agents. A phagosome is...
    • Regulation of Complement cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Regulation of Complement cascade, organism-specific biosystemTwo inherent features of complement activation make its regulation very important: 1. There is an inherent positive feedback loop because the product of C3 activation forms part of an enzyme that cau...
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
    • Staphylococcus aureus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Staphylococcus aureus infection, organism-specific biosystemStaphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the ef...
    • Staphylococcus aureus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Staphylococcus aureus infection, conserved biosystemStaphylococcus aureus can cause multiple forms of infections ranging from superficial skin infections to food poisoning and life-threatening infections. The organism has several ways to divert the ef...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    endopeptidase inhibitor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    complement activation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    complement activation, alternative pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    complement activation, classical pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    inflammatory response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation of angiogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation of phagocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    regulation of immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    complement C3
    Names
    complement C3
    complement component C3
    acylation-stimulating protein cleavage product
    C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 1
    NP_000055.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_009557.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..47817
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_27

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000064.2NP_000055.2  complement C3 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AI758500, BC063852, BP201387, BP349355, K02765
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS32883.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01024
      Related
      ENSP00000245907, OTTHUMP00000197086, ENST00000245907, OTTHUMT00000317636
      Conserved Domains (9) summary
      cd00017
      Location:678747
      Blast Score: 240
      ANATO; Anaphylatoxin homologous domain; C3a, C4a and C5a anaphylatoxins are protein fragments generated enzymatically in serum during activation of complement molecules C3, C4, and C5. They induce smooth muscle contraction. These fragments are homologous to ...
      cd02896
      Location:9961282
      Blast Score: 1011
      complement_C3_C4_C5; Proteins similar to C3, C4 and C5 of vertebrate complement. The vertebrate complement system, comprised of a large number of distinct plasma proteins, is an effector of both the acquired and innate immune systems. The point of convergence of the ...
      cd03583
      Location:15131661
      Blast Score: 653
      NTR_complement_C3; NTR/C345C domain, complement C3 subfamily; The NTR domain found in complement C3 is also known as the C345C domain because it occurs at the C-terminus of complement C3, C4 and C5. Complement C3 plays a pivotal role in the activation of the complement ...
      pfam00207
      Location:770866
      Blast Score: 331
      A2M; Alpha-2-macroglobulin family
      pfam01835
      Location:129224
      Blast Score: 234
      A2M_N; MG2 domain
      pfam07677
      Location:13981493
      Blast Score: 331
      A2M_recep; A-macroglobulin receptor
      pfam07678
      Location:10511282
      Blast Score: 625
      A2M_comp; A-macroglobulin complement component
      pfam07703
      Location:456605
      Blast Score: 274
      A2M_N_2; Alpha-2-macroglobulin family N-terminal region
      pfam11974
      Location:2591
      Blast Score: 128
      MG1; Alpha-2-macroglobulin MG1 domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.9 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

      Range
      6677846..6720662, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000151.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      6440030..6483146, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Related Sequences

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AC008760.7 (113551..156333) None
    genomic AY513239.1 AAR89906.1
    genomic CH471139.2 EAW69070.1
      EAW69071.1
    genomic CQ985770.1 CAI46844.1
    genomic J04763.1 None
    genomic M63423.1 AAA35722.1
    mRNA AI758500.1 None
    mRNA AK094728.1 None
    mRNA AK304071.1 BAG64978.1
    mRNA BC022897.1 None
    mRNA BC063852.1 None
    mRNA BC150179.1 AAI50180.1
    mRNA BC150200.1 AAI50201.1
    mRNA BC150299.1 None
    mRNA BP201387.1 None
    mRNA BP349355.1 None
    mRNA K02765.1 AAA85332.1
    mRNA M55658.1 None
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P01024.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01024
    Q6LDJ0 GenPept UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q6LDJ0

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