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    TNF tumor necrosis factor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7124, updated on 16-Jun-2013
    Official Symbol
    TNFprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    tumor necrosis factorprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:11892
    Locus tag
    DADB-70P7.1
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000232810; HPRD:01855; MIM:191160; Vega:OTTHUMG00000031194
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    DIF; TNFA; TNFSF2; TNF-alpha
    Summary
    This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Location :
    6p21.3
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 6; NC_000006.11 (31543344..31546113)
    See TNF in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-like 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100287329 Neighboring gene lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1) Neighboring gene lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3) Neighboring gene leukocyte specific transcript 1 Neighboring gene natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3

    Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

    Go to reference sequence details

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. SIRT6 regulates TNF-α secretion through hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl lysine. Jiang H, et al. Nature, 2013 Apr 4. PMID 23552949.
    2. Erythropoietin does not affect TNF and IL-6 production directly. Cervellini I, et al. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2013 Jan-Mar. PMID 23489698.
    3. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α gene G-308A polymorphism with dilated cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis. Luo R, et al. DNA Cell Biol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23425028.
    4. Phosphorylation of FOXP3 controls regulatory T cell function and is inhibited by TNF-α in rheumatoid arthritis. Nie H, et al. Nat Med, 2013 Mar. PMID 23396208.
    5. Purification of human immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to tumor necrosis factor using affinity chromatography and magnetic separation. Sennikov SV, et al. J Immunol Methods, 2013 Apr 30. PMID 23388693.

    See all (3976) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    1. The TNF-alpha-mediated in vitro RPE cell migration mainly requires Akt/mTORC1, but not mTORC2 signaling. The results of this study may lead to indentify novel signaling targets against PVR.
      Title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-mediated in vitro human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell migration mainly requires Akt/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but not mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling.
    2. Effect on the induction of IL-6 or TNF by erythropoietin or high-mobility group-box 1 protein (HMGB1) or by necrotic cells, was investigated.
      Title: Erythropoietin does not affect TNF and IL-6 production directly.
    3. The genetic variations in TNF and IL-10 genes work as independent predictors of survival and may play a role in the clinical course of CLL.
      Title: Polymorphisms of TNF and IL-10 genes and clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
    4. TNF-alpha treatment led to intracellular Her-2 cleavage via a caspase-8-dependent signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells defective for NFkappa B activation.
      Title: Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates Her-2 cleavage by activated caspase-8.
    5. PML is an essential regulator of TNFalpha signaling, and together they synergistically regulate cell adhesion by engaging multiple molecular mechanisms.
      Title: Microarray analysis revealing common and distinct functions of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling in endothelial cells.
    6. TNF-alpha production by dendritic cell was reduced in women with type 2 diabetes.
      Title: Circulating dendritic cell number and intracellular TNF-α production in women with type 2 diabetes.
    7. Abnormal tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion is evident downstream of multiple Toll-like receptors, affects all Crohn's disease (CD) phenotypes, and is unrelated to 34 polymorphisms associated with CD by GWAS.
      Title: Defective tumor necrosis factor release from Crohn's disease macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor activation: relationship to phenotype and genome-wide association susceptibility loci.
    8. The up-regulation of TNF-alpha transcript and protein levels in individuals with susceptible haplotypes advocates the crucial role of TNF-alpha in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo
      Title: Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and its promoter polymorphisms correlate with disease progression and higher susceptibility towards vitiligo.
    9. The IL1B gene -5839C > T and IL4R 1902A > G polymorphisms and IL12RB1 -1094A/-641C and TNF -1031 T/-863A/-857 T/-308 G/-238 G haplotypes were associated with malaria susceptibility.
      Title: IL1B, IL4R, IL12RB1 and TNF gene polymorphisms are associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in Brazil.
    10. Investigation of selected cytokine genes suggests that IL2RA and the TNF/LTA locus are risk factors for severe alopecia areata.
      Title: Investigation of selected cytokine genes suggests that IL2RA and the TNF/LTA locus are risk factors for severe alopecia areata.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (2589)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Env, gp160, envelope glycoprotein env HIV-1 gp160-induced apoptosis is affected in part by the release of TNF-alpha and is associated with attenuated Bcl-2 mRNA expression PubMed
    env Pretreatment of cells with HIV-1 gp160 results in marked inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of p59(fyn), PLC-gamma1, ras activation, and TNF-alpha secretion in anti-CD3 mAb activated CD4+ T cells PubMed
    env Pretreatment of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 gp160 results in marked inhibition of TNF-alpha secretion PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 induces human glial cells to release more TNF-alpha and IL-1beta than untreated cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of TNF-a, IL-6, and IP-10 proteins in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs PubMed
    env Inhibition of NRF2 by siRNA results in increased NOX2, NFkappaB (p65/p50), TNF-alpha, and MMP-9 proteins in astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 enhances TNF-a-induced VCAM-1 gene expression in coronary macrovascular endothelial cells PubMed
    env NK cells that respond with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha cytokine production to HIV-1 gp120 peptides have reduced CD16 and NKp46 expression and have increased levels of CD57 PubMed
    env Frequent IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha NK cell responses to HIV-1 gp120 are dominant during chronic HIV-1 infection PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits TLR9-mediated upregulation of CD83 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, and chemokine IP10 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) PubMed
    env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
    env Enhanced TNF-alpha responses are observed when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are costimulated with HIV-1 gp120 and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 triggers apoptosis in primary osteoblasts and osteoblast-derived cell lines (HOBIT) through TNFalpha activation PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 stimulates human cells to release TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, and this effect can be blocked with soluble CD4 PubMed
    env Treatment of HIV-1-infected monocytes with TNF-alpha increases the sensitivity of the interaction of the HIV-1 antigen gp120 with cytotoxic sera from HIV-1 infected individuals PubMed
    env CD4 downregulation by the treatment of macrophages with HIV-1 gp120 is mediated through the induction of endogenous TNF-alpha PubMed
    env HIV gp120 and TNF-alpha synergistically reduce endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and cause endothelial dysfunction via ICAM-1 PubMed
    env B cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals secrete significant levels of TNF-alpha in the presence of HIV-1 gp120 PubMed
    env Exposure of macrophages to purified CCR5- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces secretion of high levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor alpha PubMed
    env Genistein, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses HIV-1 gp120-induced TNF-alpha secretion by primary macrophage PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 stimulates the release of TNF-alpha from TPA-differentiated HL-60 cells; treatment with TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody and anti-TNF-alpha receptor type II (TNFR-II) antibody, inhibits gp120-induced upregulation of mu opioid receptor PubMed
    env Apoptosis of CD8+ cells is mediated by the interaction between TNF-alpha bound to the membrane of macrophages (mbTNF) and a receptor on CD8+ T cells (TNF-receptor II, or TNFRII), which is upregulated by treatment with recombinant HIV-1 gp120 or SDF-1 PubMed
    env Stimulation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1 gp120 results in the CCR5-mediated activation of Lyn and the concomitant Lyn-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK-1/2, which leads to production of TNF-alpha PubMed
    env Pretreatment of HIV-1 infected cells with TNF alpha augments syncytia formation mediated by the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 with cell surface CD4 molecules PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 partially inhibits the negative beta-adrenergic modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in microglial cells PubMed
    env In CD4-positive Jurkat cells, HIV-1 gp120 enhances TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env HIV-1 gp41 stimulates microglial cell production of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha) PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 PubMed
    Gag, Pr55 gag Stimulation of CD8+ T cells with HIV-1 Gag peptides upregulates perforin and TNF-a expression PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release TNF-alpha in a dose and time dependent manner PubMed
    gag Stimulation of HIV-1 infected human adipocytes by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increases the levels of HIV-1 Gag production PubMed
    gag The Matrix protein of HIV-1 Gag enhances the cytokine-induced production of TNF-alpha PubMed
    Nef, p27 nef HIV-1 Nef significantly increases TNF-a release from Nef-treated homeostatic or inflamed mucosal cell lines. Nef abrogates the IFN-gamma-induced modulation of TNF-alpha secretion in these cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef inhibits IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis and upregulates TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-3a production by Caco-2 cells while downregulating IL-10 production PubMed
    nef Both the myristoylation site and the acidic cluster in HIV-1 Nef are required for the activation of NF-kappaB, which induces upregulation of TNFalpha and IL6 expression PubMed
    nef Stimulation of CD8+ T cells with HIV-1 Nef peptides upregulates perforin and TNF-a expression PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef and ALK show similar effects by increasing different cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and RANTES, that may be relevant for HAD pathogenesis PubMed
    nef Nef inhibits ASK1/p38MAPK-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced TNF-alpha production by inhibiting binding of ATF2 to the TNF-alpha promoter PubMed
    nef Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced TNF-alpha production depends upon the Ets, Egr, Sp1, CRE or AP1 binding sites on the TNF-alpha promoter, whereas Nef-mediated promoter activation depends only on the CRE and AP1 binding sites PubMed
    nef The activating effect of exogenous HIV-1 Nef on PBMC proliferation and on monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with an upregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 production PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef impairs the recruitment of TNF-alpha-positive compartments at the site of phagocytosis PubMed
    nef Expression of HIV-1 Nef in a CD4+ human T-cell hybridoma enhances the surface levels of the membrane-bound cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and LIGHT; the enhancement of TNF and LIGHT depends on the presence of a functional dileucine motif in Nef PubMed
    nef The presence of recombinant HIV-1 Nef and ethanol upregulates the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in primary human brain micro vascular endothelial cells PubMed
    nef Nef-induced expression of TNF-alpha is observed in rat hippocampus grafted with Nef-transduced macrophages PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef expression by immature human and macaque dendritic cells (DCs) upregulates IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4 release, but without upregulating co-stimulatory and other molecules characteristic of mature DCs PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef increases the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from primary human-monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) infected with HIV-1 PubMed
    nef Intracisternal HIV-1 Nef injection upregulates levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in rat cerebrospinal fluid PubMed
    nef HIV-1 nef gene expression in human glial cells inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation through the activation of MAPK and JNK PubMed
    Tat, p14 tat HIV-1 Tat significantly decreases TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion but increases IL-4 levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of TNF-a, IL-6, and IP-10 proteins in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat- and oxovanadate-treated microglial cells synergistically induce release of TNF-a and IL-1 proteins, which involves CD45 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat increases CXCL10 expression in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated human astrocytes via NADPH oxidase PubMed
    tat Monocytes treated with HIV-1 clade B Tat show significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, as compared to clade C Tat-treated cultures PubMed
    tat Exogenous Nef and TNF-alpha synergistically activate NF-kappaB and AP-1 resulting in enhancing HIV-1 Tat transactivation of the LTR and viral replication in both chronically infected promonocytic cells and acutely infected primary macrophages PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat-mediated stimulation of TNF-alpha production through the activation of PKC beta(II) and delta isoforms requires p38 MAP kinase, ERK1/2 MAP kinase and NF-kappaB transcription factor in human macrophages PubMed
    tat Over-expression of PPARalpha or PPARgamma attenuates Tat-induced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CCL2, and E-selectin PubMed
    tat Sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) significantly reverses HIV-1 Tat-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in THP-1 cells PubMed
    tat Wild-type Tat but not Cys-22 and oxidized Tat induces CD1A-expressing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) maturation and increases the production of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat in combination with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increases CXCL10 mRNA and protein in human astrocytes through the activation of the p38, Jnk, and Akt signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors, NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat-induced calcium mobilization and TNF-alpha production in primary human monocytes are entirely regulated by DHP receptors PubMed
    tat Recombinant CD40L synergizes with HIV-1 Tat to increase TNF-alpha release from primary human monocytes and microglia in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. This synergism is attributed to a Tat-mediated up-regulation of CD40 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, an effect mediated in U937 cells through the inhibition of CD26 PubMed
    tat Upregulation of TNF-alpha by HIV-1 Tat is implicated in the toxic effects of Tat, including neuronal death and astroglial dysfunction PubMed
    tat Upregulation of TNF-alpha by HIV-1 Tat leads to activation of NF-kappa B, leading to NF-kappa B induced activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter PubMed
    tat IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma synergize with HIV-1 Tat to promote in nude mice the development of angioproliferative Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat and TNF-alpha interact additively in upregulating IL-8 production PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat synergizes with TNF-alpha to induce the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat synergizes with TNF-alpha to enhance IL-6 secretion and activate human central nervous system-derived endothelial cells PubMed
    tat induction of TNF-alpha by HIV-1 Tat requires activation of NF-kappa B and also involves protein kinase A, tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, protein kinase C, MAPK, and release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-regulated stores PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat from subtype E virus isolates inhibits TNF gene transcription and protein production in CD4(+) Jurkat T cells, and this repression is associated with the tryptophan at residue 32 of Tat PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat and TNF-alpha synergistically activate the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells PubMed
    tat Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2, IL-6 and TNFalpha increases CDK9 and cyclin T1 protein levels, suggesting a mechanism for activation of HIV-1 Tat function and reactivation of HIV-1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring a latent provirus PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat cooperates with Puralpha, cyclin T1, and CDK9 to activate the TNFalpha promoter and upregulate TNFalpha expression PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat interacts with TNF-alpha to induce monocyte metalloproteinase-9 production PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat interacts with TNF-alpha to potentiate NF-kappa B activation by downregulation of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits TNF-alpha-induced repression of tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and amplifies TNF-alpha activity in stably tat-transfected HeLa cells PubMed
    Vpr, p15 vpr HIV-1 Vpr enhances TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated dendritic cells (DC). Vpr-induced TNF-alpha production in DC is through STAT1 activation PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr modulates expression of TNFalpha, increasing or suppressing TNFalpha expression through varying effects on NF-kappa B activity in different cell lines PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr enhances HIV-1 reproduction in U1 cells by the induction of TNFalpha PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits TNFalpha induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells PubMed
    Vpu, p16 vpu HIV-1 Vpu interferes with beta-TrCP to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced activation of NFkappaB PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 matrix protein colocalizes with syndecan-2, syndecan-4, and CD44v3 on activated CD4+ T cells to modulate TNF-alpha and IL2 production PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Matrix enhances the cytokine-induced production of TNF-alpha PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Matrix slightly enhances TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma secretion induced by IL-15 monocyte stimulation and counteracts IL-4 mediated inhibition in the production of these cytokines PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NM_000594.2 NP_003676.1 KHSRP    BIND  PubMed KSRP interacts with AREtnf. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between KSRP from human and AREtnf from an unspecified species. 
    NP_000585.2 NP_000585.2 TNF    BIND  PubMed Interaction between TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_C) and TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_B). 
    NP_000585.2 NP_000585.2 TNF    BIND  PubMed Interaction between TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_B) and TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_A). 
    NP_000585.2 NP_000585.2 TNF    BIND  PubMed Interaction between TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_C) and TNF (PDB ID: 1A8M_A). 
    NP_000585.2 NP_001056.1 TNFRSF1A    BIND  PubMed TNF-alpha interacts with TNFR1. 
    NP_000585.2 NP_001057.1 TNFRSF1B    BIND  PubMed TNF-alpha interacts with TNFR-2. 
    P01375 P78536 ADAM17    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 Q13443 ADAM9    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P21810 BGN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P09603 CSF1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P07585 DCN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P01579 IFNG    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 Q9ULZ9 MMP17    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 Q8N165 PDIK1L    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P24158 PRTN3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P01375 TNF    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P19438 TNFRSF1A    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 P20333 TNFRSF1B    HPRD  PubMed  
    P01375 Q12933 TRAF2    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:118041 AGO2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:107102 BGN    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:106826 BIRC2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:114457 BTRC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:107305 CAV1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:107433 CDC42    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:107569 CHUK    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:108002 DCN    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:108309 ELAVL1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:106851 FAS    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:116887 FBXW11    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:109316 HDAC2    BioGRID  PubMed Negative Genetic 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:116149 HNRNPA0    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:109425 HNRNPD    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:131255 HSP90B3P    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:109547 HSPB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:109548 HSPB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:109767 IKBKB    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:114089 IKBKG    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:112748 MAP3K7    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:115436 OPTN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:111447 POU2F1    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:111817 RAC1    BioGRID  PubMed Phenotypic Suppression 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:116131 RALBP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:115862 RBCK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:114274 RIPK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:120389 RNF31    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:123608 SHARPIN    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:115717 TAB1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:116740 TAB2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:118878 TBK1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:112979 TNF    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:112983 TNFAIP3    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:112986 TNFRSF1A    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:112987 TNFRSF1B    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:115602 TNIP1    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:114257 TRADD    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:113038 TRAF2    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:113164 UBC    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:113182 UBE2N    BioGRID  PubMed Phenotypic Suppression 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:116168 YWHAQ    BioGRID  PubMed Protein-RNA 
    BioGRID:112979 BioGRID:113370 ZFP36    BioGRID  PubMed Protein-RNA 
    • Adipocytokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
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      African trypanosomiasis, organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brai...
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      AhR pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      AhR pathway
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      Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
    • Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling
    • Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, organism-specific biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Antigen processing and presentation, conserved biosystem
      Antigen processing and presentation
    • Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
    • Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily me...
    • Apoptosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Apoptosis, conserved biosystemApoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily me...
    • Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
    • Asthma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Asthma, organism-specific biosystemAsthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and ...
    • Asthma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Asthma, conserved biosystemAsthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and ...
    • Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem
      Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes
    • Canonical NF-kappaB pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Canonical NF-kappaB pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Canonical NF-kappaB pathway
    • Caspase cascade in apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Caspase cascade in apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem
      Caspase cascade in apoptosis
    • Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin, organism-specific biosystem
      Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin
    • Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Ceramide signaling pathway
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
    • Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystemThe death receptors, all cell-surface receptors, begin the process of caspase activation. The common feature of these type 1 transmembrane proteins is the "death-domain" a conserved cytoplasmic motif...
    • Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
    • Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells, organism-specific biosystem
      Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
    • EBV LMP1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      EBV LMP1 signaling, organism-specific biosystembased on science-slides...
    • Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Extrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemKnown as the "death receptor pathway" the extrinsic or caspase 8/10 dependent pathway is activated by ligand binding. The "death receptors" are specialized cell-surface receptors including Fas/CD95, ...
    • FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway describes the Fas induced apoptosis and interplay with Hsp27 in response to stress. More info: [http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_hsp27Pathway.asp BioCarta].
    • Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
    • Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, conserved biosystemFc epsilon RI-mediated signaling pathways in mast cells are initiated by the interaction of antigen (Ag) with IgE bound to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of Fc epsilon RI. The activation...
    • Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, organism-specific biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Graft-versus-host disease, conserved biosystemGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells....
    • HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem
      HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
    • HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
    • Hematopoietic cell lineage, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hematopoietic cell lineage, organism-specific biosystemBlood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid proge...
    • Hematopoietic cell lineage, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hematopoietic cell lineage, conserved biosystemBlood-cell development progresses from a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which can undergo either self-renewal or differentiation into a multilineage committed progenitor cell: a common lymphoid proge...
    • Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
    • Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • Hepatitis C, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hepatitis C, conserved biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
    • Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
    • IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL23-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL23-mediated signaling events
    • IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL27-mediated signaling events
    • Influenza A, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Influenza A, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Influenza A, conserved biosystemInfluenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains ...
    • Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
    • Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, organism-specific biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Legionellosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Legionellosis, conserved biosystemLegionellosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. Two distinct clinical and epidemiological syndromes are associated...
    • Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
    • Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
    • Matrix Metalloproteinases, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Matrix Metalloproteinases, organism-specific biosystemMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzi...
    • MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lin...
    • Monoamine Transport, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Monoamine Transport, organism-specific biosystem
      Monoamine Transport
    • NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, organism-specific biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, conserved biosystemNatural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stre...
    • Notch Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Notch Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, intercellular signaling mechanism essential for proper embryonic development in all metazoan organisms in the Animal kingdom. The Notch pro...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
    • Pertussis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, organism-specific biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Pertussis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Pertussis, conserved biosystemPertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a bacteria called Bordetella Pertussis. The characteristic symptoms are paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whe...
    • Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
    • Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
    • RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
    • RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
    • RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem
      RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      SIDS Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
    • Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Selenium Pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      Selenium Pathway
    • Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I, organism-specific biosystem
      Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I
    • Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, organism-specific biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, conserved biosystemSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of IgG autoantibodies that are specific for self-antigens, such as DNA, nuclear proteins and cert...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      T cell receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemActivation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. En...
    • TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiat...
    • TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
    • TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
    • TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      TNF receptor signaling pathway
    • TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mediated apoptosis pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple scler...
    • TNF-alpha/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TNF-alpha/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem"The Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily. It signals through 2 separate receptors - TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, both members of the TNF receptor supe...
    • TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      TWEAK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a small pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF super family and its gene is located at chromosome 17p13.1. TWEAK has been reported to be expressed in tissues...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
    • Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemAdipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. During this process the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets and develo...
    • Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type I diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemType I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-pre...
    • Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemInsulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. "Diabetogenic" factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Ser...
    • Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Type II diabetes mellitus, organism-specific biosystemInsulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. "Diabetogenic" factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Ser...
    • Type II diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Type II diabetes mellitus, conserved biosystemInsulin resistance is strongly associated with type II diabetes. "Diabetogenic" factors including FFA, TNFalpha and cellular stress induce insulin resistance through inhibition of IRS1 functions. Ser...
    • amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      amb2 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem
      amb2 Integrin signaling
    • mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
      mTOR signaling pathway
    • mTOR signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      mTOR signaling pathway, conserved biosystem
      mTOR signaling pathway

    Markers

    Genotypes

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    identical protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protease binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    transcription regulatory region DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    tumor necrosis factor receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    JNK cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    MAPK cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		  
    activation of MAPK activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    activation of MAPKKK activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    activation of necroptosis by extracellular signals IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    apoptotic signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    calcium-mediated signaling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cell activation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cellular response to amino acid stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    cellular response to nicotine IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    cellular response to organic cyclic compound IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    defense response to Gram-positive bacterium IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    embryonic digestive tract development IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		  
    epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    extracellular matrix organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    glucose metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    humoral immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    induction of apoptosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    inflammatory response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    leukocyte tethering or rolling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    necrotic cell death IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of L-glutamate transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of fat cell differentiation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of glucose import IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of interleukin-6 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of lipid catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of lipid storage NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    negative regulation of protein complex disassembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    negative regulation of viral genome replication IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    organ morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    osteoclast differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of JNK cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of JUN kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of MAP kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of chemokine production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of cytokine production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of cytokine secretion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of fever generation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of hair follicle development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interferon-gamma production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-6 production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of mitosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of necrotic cell death TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of podosome assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of programmed cell death IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein complex assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein complex disassembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of protein transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of synaptic transmission IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    positive regulation of translational initiation by iron IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein import into nucleus, translocation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    protein kinase B signaling cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		  
    receptor biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of immunoglobulin secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    regulation of insulin secretion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to drug IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to glucocorticoid stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to mechanical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    response to salt stress TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    response to virus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    sequestering of triglyceride IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    skeletal muscle contraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    transformed cell apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cell surface IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    external side of plasma membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    integral to plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    membrane raft IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    phagocytic cup ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    recycling endosome ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    tumor necrosis factor
    Names
    tumor necrosis factor
    TNF-a
    cachectin
    APC1 protein
    TNF, monocyte-derived
    TNF, macrophage-derived
    tumor necrosis factor-alpha
    tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_007462.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4995..7764
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000594.3 → NP_000585.2  tumor necrosis factor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC028148, BP215875, CA306559
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4702.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01375
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q5STB3
      Related
      ENSP00000398698, OTTHUMP00000029281, ENST00000449264, OTTHUMT00000076390
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00184
      Location:88 – 231
      Blast Score: 328
      TNF; Tumor Necrosis Factor; TNF superfamily members include the cytokines: TNF (TNF-alpha), LT (lymphotoxin-alpha, TNF-beta), CD40 ligand, Apo2L (TRAIL), Fas ligand, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) ligand. These proteins generally have an intracellular N-terminal ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

    Genomic

    1. NT_167244.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

      Range
      2859024..2860831
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

    Genomic

    1. NT_113891.2 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_2

      Range
      3052960..3055729
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_3

    Genomic

    1. NT_167245.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_3

      Range
      2828885..2831654
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_4

    Genomic

    1. NT_167246.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_4

      Range
      2886228..2888997
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_5

    Genomic

    1. NT_167247.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_5

      Range
      2923050..2925819
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_6

    Genomic

    1. NT_167248.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_6

      Range
      2836982..2839753
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_7

    Genomic

    1. NT_167249.1 Reference GRCh37.p10 ALT_REF_LOCI_7

      Range
      2874145..2876914
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.11 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      31543344..31546113
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000138.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      31330078..31332847
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018917.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      31460296..31463065
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    genomic AB088112.1 BAC54944.1
    genomic AB103618.1 BAF31279.1
    genomic AB202113.1 BAE78639.1
    genomic ABBA01038081.1 (37257..40026) None
    genomic AF129756.1 AAD18091.1
    genomic AJ249755.1 None
    genomic AJ270944.1 CAB65595.1
    genomic AL662801.7 (48243..51005) None
    genomic AL662847.6 (62009..64771) None
    genomic AL929587.5 (23397..26168) None
    genomic AMYH01016217.1 (77087..79856) None
    genomic AY066019.1 AAL47581.1
    genomic AY214167.1 AAO21132.1
    genomic AY799806.1 AAV63951.1
    genomic BA000025.2 BAB63396.1
    genomic BX248519.7 (7960..10729) None
    genomic BX927320.5 (75274..78043) None
    genomic CH471081.1 EAX03424.1
    genomic CR753892.5 (32418..35187) None
    genomic CR759886.7 (831..2399) None
    genomic CR942185.8 (30954..33723) None
    genomic CS081473.1 CAI95946.1
    genomic M16441.1 AAA61200.1
    genomic M26331.1 AAA36758.1
    genomic X02910.1 CAA26669.1
    genomic Y14768.1 CAA75070.1
    genomic Z15026.1 CAA78745.1
    mRNA AB451492.1 BAG70306.1
    mRNA AF043342.1 AAC03542.1
    mRNA AF098751.1 AAF71992.1
    mRNA AJ227911.1 None
    mRNA AJ251878.1 CAB63904.1
    mRNA AJ251879.1 CAB63905.1
    mRNA AK314960.1 BAG37464.1
    mRNA BC028148.1 AAH28148.1
    mRNA BI908079.1 None
    mRNA BP215875.1 None
    mRNA CA306559.1 None
    mRNA FJ795028.1 ACO37640.1
    mRNA HQ201306.2 ADV31546.2
    mRNA M10988.1 AAA61198.1
    mRNA X01394.1 CAA25650.1
    other-genetic DQ891662.2 ABM82588.1
    other-genetic DQ894849.2 ABM85775.1
    other-genetic M35592.1 AAC42098.1
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P01375.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P01375

    Additional Links

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Medical
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous

      Supplemental Content

      Table of contents

      Related information

      • Order cDNA clone
        Order cDNA clone
      • 3D structures
        3D structure of a gene
      • BioAssay
        Related PubChem BioAssays
      • BioAssay, by Protein Target
        BioAssay, by Protein Target
      • BioProjects
        BioProjects related to a gene
      • BioSystems
        BioSystems
      • Books
        Links between Entrez Gene and 'Books' are established if a GeneID is explicitly referenced in a book.
      • CCDS
        Links from Gene to CCDS are established if a gene encodes a protein sequence that is a member of a Consensus CDS (CCDS).
      • ClinVar
        Related medical variations
      • Conserved Domains
        Conserved Domain Database Links between Entrez Gene and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) are calculated from the domains annotated by the CDD group on Reference Sequence proteins.
      • dbVar
        Link from Gene to dbVar
      • EST
        Link to related EST entry
      • Full text in PMC
        PMC links
      • Full text in PMC_nucleotide
        Full text in PubMedCentral identified from shared sequence links
      • GAP
        GAP Links
      • Genome
        Genome records having the gene annotated on corresponding genomic reference sequence.
      • GEO Profiles
        Related GEO
      • HomoloGene
        Links between HomoloGene and Gene are provided by the HomoloGene group when a gene is included in a HomoloGene record.
      • Map Viewer
        These links are maintained by the Map Viewer group and are provided when a GeneID is annotated on a map for the same species.
      • MedGen
        Related information in MedGen
      • Nucleotide
        Link to related Nucleotide entry
      • OMIM
        Links between OMIM and Gene are calculated by Gene based on MIM numbers included in the summary and phenotype sections of the Gene record.
      • Probe
        Related Probe entry
      • Protein
        Link to related protein entry
      • PubChem Compound
        PubChem Compounds
      • PubChem Substance
        PubChem Substances
      • PubMed
        Links between Gene and PubMed are the result of the following: 1. Manual curation within NCBI. Part of the process of generating a REVIEWED RefSeq is an analysis of the current literature. Papers that are seminal in defining the gene, its sequence, and its function are added to the record at that time. Alert users point out gaps or errors in papers associated with a Gene record. These messages are reviewed and implemented as required. 2. Integration of information from other public databases. Gene integrates gene-citation from resources external to NCBI such as model organism-specific databases, Gene Ontology (GO), groups curating interactions, and sequence databases. The assumption in using these source is that they report citations specific to a gene in a known species. Gene does not process citations from OMIM automatically, because many of citations in OMIM refer to studies of genes in species other than human.
      • PubMed (GeneRIF)
        GeneRIF -- Gene Reference Into Function Staff of the Index Section in the National Library of Medicine review the current literature. When they find articles focused on the structure and function of a gene, they write a brief summary of the impact of the paper and make the connection between the citation (PubMed) and Gene. An interface exists for interested users to submit such data as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/GeneRIFhelp.html
      • PubMed (OMIM)
        Links are provided when Gene has a link to a record in OMIM, and OMIM explicitly cites these publications in PubMed.
      • PubMed(nucleotide/PMC)
        Citations in PubMed identified from shared sequence and PMC links.
      • RefSeq Proteins
        Link to Protein RefSeqs
      • RefSeq RNAs
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeq RNAs
      • RefSeqGene
        Link to Nucleotide RefSeqGenes
      • SNP
        Related SNP records
      • SNP: GeneView
        SNPs linked from GeneView
      • SNP: Genotype
        Gene Genotype Report
      • Taxonomy
        Link to related taxonomy entry
      • UniGene
        Links are provided between Gene and UniGene when both databases calculate links to the same mRNA record (gi).
      • UniSTS
        Related UniSTS records

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