TMSB4X thymosin beta 4, X-linked [Homo sapiens] - Gene

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Summary

Official Symbol: TMSB4Xprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: thymosin beta 4, X-linkedprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:11881
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000205542; HPRD:02153; MIM:300159; Vega:OTTHUMG00000021144
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: FX; TB4X; PTMB4; TMSB4
Summary: This gene encodes an actin sequestering protein which plays a role in regulation of actin polymerization. The protein is also involved in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This gene escapes X inactivation and has a homolog on chromosome Y. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Genomic context

Location :: Xq21.3-q22

Sequence :: Chromosome: X; NC_000023.10 (12993226..12995346)

See TMSB4X in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome X - NC_000023.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

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Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Genomic Sequence

Go to nucleotideGraphics FASTA GenBank

Go to reference sequence details

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Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Thymosin beta4 Tbeta4 may play an important role in bone degradation and inflammation in RA but not OA.
Title: Increased levels of thymosin β4 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association of thymosin β4 with other factors that are involved in inflammation and bone erosion in joints.
kininogen-1 and thymosin-beta(4) are potential new biomarkers for human chronic hepatitis C.
Title: From proteomic multimarker profiling to interesting proteins: thymosin-β(4) and kininogen-1 as new potential biomarkers for inflammatory hepatic lesions.
Tbeta4 is regulated by IL-18 and is involved in IL-18-enhanced IFN-gamma secretion in NK cells.
Title: Interleukin-18-mediated interferon-gamma secretion is regulated by thymosin beta 4 in human NK cells.
Elevated expression of thymosin beta4 is associated with early-stage cervical cancers.
Title: Elevated expression of thymosin β4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in early-stage cervical cancers.
Thymosin beta4 may play a role in diabetic retinal neovascularization.
Title: Intraocular expression of thymosin β4 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
findings suggest that Tbeta4 by sequestering actin prevents binding of AKT, thus inhibiting its phosphorylation
Title: Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) blunts PDGF-dependent phosphorylation and binding of AKT to actin in hepatic stellate cells.
The expression of thymosin beta4 is highly related with tumorigenesis of certain tumors including the osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers.
Title: Thymosin β4 expression in human tissues and in tumors using tissue microarrays.
Describe beta-thymosins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of scleroderma lung disease.
Title: β-Thymosins and interstitial lung disease: study of a scleroderma cohort with a one-year follow-up.
we have identified an extracellular signaling pathway where Tbeta4 increases cell surface ATP levels via ATP synthase and have shown further that ATP-responsive P2X4 receptor is required for Tbeta4-induced cell migration
Title: Regenerative protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel regulator of purinergic signaling.
overexpression of Tbeta4 is strongly associated with HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha expression and is also clinicopathologically involved with lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancer
Title: Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (41)

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Phenotypes

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_066932.1	NP_004508.1	ILK	BIND	PubMed	ILK interacts with Thymosin Beta-4.
NP_066932.1	NP_004978.2	LIMS1	BIND	PubMed	PINCH interacts with Thymosin Beta-4.
P62328	P68133	ACTA1	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P62736	ACTA2	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P60709	ACTB	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P63261	ACTG1	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P51693	APLP1	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	Q96ID5	IGSF21	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	Q13418	ILK	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P48059	LIMS1	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P60510	PPP4C	HPRD	PubMed
P62328	P21980	TGM2	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:106573	ACTA1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:106586	ACTG1	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-crystal Structure; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:106807	ANXA7	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:107460	CDKN1A	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:122742	FAM118B	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:109143	GRB7	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:111822	RAD21	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:112490	SMN1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:122548	TAF1D	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:112938	TK1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112969	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
actin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
actin cytoskeleton organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
blood coagulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
platelet activation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
platelet degranulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
regulation of cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
sequestering of actin monomers	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytoskeleton	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

Preferred Names: thymosin beta-4

Names: thymosin beta-4; t beta-4; prothymosin beta-4; thymosin, beta 4, X chromosome

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NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_021109.3 → NP_066932.1 thymosin beta-4

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AV715954, BC001631

Consensus CDS

CCDS35202.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2VCK8

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P62328

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q0P5T0

Related

ENSP00000414376, OTTHUMP00000022926, ENST00000451311, OTTHUMT00000055780

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl11598
Location:2 – 41
Blast Score: 111

Thymosin; Thymosin beta-4 family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Build 37.3

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000023.10 Reference GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly

Range

12993226..12995346

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000155.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

10756223..10758343

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

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Related Sequences

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	AC139705.4 (54008..56127)	None
genomic	AJ295158.1	CAC43317.1
genomic	CH471074.1	EAW98810.1
		EAW98811.1
		EAW98812.1
		EAW98813.1
		EAW98814.1
mRNA	AK055976.1	None
mRNA	AK057827.1	None
mRNA	AK311747.1	BAG34690.1
mRNA	AV715954.1	None
mRNA	BC001631.1	AAH01631.2
mRNA	BC016732.1	AAH16732.2
mRNA	BC022857.1	AAH22857.2
mRNA	BC061586.1	AAH61586.1
mRNA	BC062436.1	AAH62436.1
mRNA	BC064954.1	AAH64954.1
mRNA	BC070248.1	AAH70248.1
mRNA	BC070249.1	None
mRNA	BC083509.1	AAH83509.1
mRNA	BC092437.1	AAH92437.1
mRNA	BC101790.1	AAI01791.1
mRNA	BC101792.1	AAI01793.1
mRNA	BC104464.1	AAI04465.1
mRNA	BC104465.1	AAI04466.1
mRNA	BC104666.1	AAI04667.1
mRNA	BC107789.1	None
mRNA	BC128102.1	AAI28103.1
mRNA	BC128103.1	AAI28104.1
mRNA	BC139925.1	AAI39926.1
mRNA	BC141975.1	AAI41976.1
mRNA	BC141976.1	AAI41977.1
mRNA	BC151215.1	AAI51216.1
mRNA	BT007090.1	AAP35753.1
mRNA	M11948.1	None
mRNA	M17733.1	AAA36745.1
mRNA	X02493.1	CAA26323.1

Protein Accession	Links
Protein Accession	GenPept Link	UniProtKB Link
P62328.2	GenPept	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62328
Q0P5N8	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q0P5N8
Q0P5P4	GenPept	UniProtKB/TrEMBL:Q0P5P4