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TGFB1 transforming growth factor, beta 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 7040, updated on 15-May-2013

Summary

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Official Symbol: TGFB1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: transforming growth factor, beta 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:11766
See related: HPRD:01821; MIM:190180
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: CED; LAP; DPD1; TGFB; TGFbeta
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) family of cytokines, which are multifunctional peptides that regulate proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells have TGFB receptors, and the protein positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. The secreted protein is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFB1 peptide, and is found in either a latent form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and a latent TGFB1-binding protein, or in an active form composed of a TGFB1 homodimer. The mature peptide may also form heterodimers with other TGFB family members. This gene is frequently upregulated in tumor cells, and mutations in this gene result in Camurati-Engelmann disease.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Genomic context

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Location :: 19q13.1

Sequence :: Chromosome: 19; NC_000019.9 (41836812..41859831, complement)

See TGFB1 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence

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Go to reference sequence details

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

Data indicate that TGF-beta1 was co-purified by specific interactions with nickel, and not by specific interactions with fibrillin-1 fragments.
Title: Immobilized metal affinity chromatography co-purifies TGF-β1 with histidine-tagged recombinant extracellular proteins.
Cytokine production by SGE cells from SS patients showed a skewed balance compared with normal controls, with increased IL-6 and decreased TGFbeta secretion
Title: Skewed production of IL-6 and TGFβ by cultured salivary gland epithelial cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
This review describes how MITF transcription factor regulates melanogenesis by activation of tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2 transcription. It also affects expression of other factors regulating melanosome maturation, biogenesis and transport.
Title: [Regulation of melanogenesis: the role of cAMP and MITF].
MTA1 appears to regulate a key inhibitor of TGFbeta signalling, SMAD7. By regulating molecules like SMAD7 MTA1 might assist the process of tumourigenesis and metastasis.
Title: MTA1-mediated transcriptional repression of SMAD7 in breast cancer cell lines.
TGF-beta1 is involved in reprogramming of Schwann cell phenotype, leading to transdifferentiation of neural cells in leprosy.
Title: Transforming growth factor-β1 may be a key mediator of the fibrogenic properties of neural cells in leprosy.
TGF-beta(1) promotes transdifferentiation of of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in the skin lesion of systemic sclerosis.
Title: [Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in the skin lesion of systemic sclerosis: role of transforming growth factor β1 and its signal transduction].
Overexpression of Evi1 oncoprotein is identified as a novel mechanism by which a subset of human human colorectal cancer cells may escape TGF-beta regulation.
Title: Overexpression of Evi-1 oncoprotein represses TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer.
An unbalanced Nodal/transforming growth factor-beta and miR-376c expression may lead to the development of preeclampsia.
Title: MicroRNA-376c impairs transforming growth factor-β and nodal signaling to promote trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion.
TGF-beta1 modulated the expression of key components of the hedgehog pathway.
Title: The hedgehog system machinery controls transforming growth factor-β-dependent myofibroblastic differentiation in humans: involvement in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Transforming growth factor-beta directly induces p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) during the rapid induction of apoptosis in myc-driven B-cell lymphomas
Title: Transforming growth factor-β directly induces p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) during the rapid induction of apoptosis in myc-driven B-cell lymphomas.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all (1886)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

CFTR-related disorders include cystic fibrosis (CF) and congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD). Cystic fibrosis affects epithelia of the respiratory tract, exocrine pancreas, intestine, male genital tract, hepatobiliary system, and exocrine sweat glands, resulting in complex multisystem disease. Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Affected individuals have lower airway inflammation and chronic endobronchial infection, progressing to end-stage lung disease characterized by extensive airway damage (bronchiectasis, cysts, and abscesses) and fibrosis of lung parenchyma. Meconium ileus occurs at birth in 15%-20% of newborns with CF. Pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption occurs in the great majority of individuals with CF. More than 95% of males with CF are infertile as a result of azoospermia caused by absent, atrophic, or fibrotic Wolffian duct structures. CAVD occurs in men without pulmonary or gastrointestinal manifestations of CF. Affected men have azoospermia and are thus infertile.

Diagnosis Testing

Most commonly the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is established in individuals with one or more characteristic phenotypic features of CF plus evidence of an abnormality in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function based on one of the following: presence of two disease-causing mutations in the CFTR gene or two abnormal quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat chloride values (>60 mEq/L) or transepithelial nasal potential difference (NPD) measurements characteristic of CF. The CFTR mutation detection rate varies by test method and ethnic background. In some symptomatic individuals, only one or neither disease-causing mutation is detectable; in some carriers, the disease-causing mutation is not detectable. The diagnosis of CFTR-related CAVD is established in males with azoospermia, low volume of ejaculated semen, absence of vas deferens on clinical or ultrasound examination, and at least one disease-causing mutation in CFTR.

Genetic Counseling

CFTR-related disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Sibs of a proband with cystic fibrosis and brothers of a proband with CAVD have a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being asymptomatic carriers, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not carriers. Molecular genetic testing for disease-causing mutation(s) in the CFTR gene is used for carrier detection in population screening programs. Prenatal testing is available for pregnancies at increased risk for CFTR-related disorders if the disease-causing mutations in the family are known.

References

PMID: 20301428

Diaphyseal dysplasia

MIM: 131300

Genetic Testing Registry

Summary from GeneReviews: Camurati-Engelmann Disease

Disease Characteristics

Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones and the skull, proximal muscle weakness, severe limb pain, a wide-based, waddling gait, and joint contractures. Facial features such as frontal bossing, enlargement of the mandible, proptosis, and cranial nerve impingement resulting in facial palsy are seen in severely affected individuals later in life.

Diagnosis Testing

Diagnosis of CED is based on physical examination and radiographic findings and can be confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Bone and muscle histology are nonspecific. TGFB1 is the only gene in which mutations are known to cause CED. Sequence analysis identifies mutations in TGFB1 in approximately 90% of affected individuals and is available clinically.

Genetic Counseling

CED is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Penetrance is reduced. The incidence of de novo mutations is unknown. Each child of an individual with CED has a 50% chance of inheriting the TGFB1 mutation. Prenatal diagnosis for pregnancies at increased risk is possible for families in which the disease-causing mutation has been identified.

References

PMID: 20301335

HIV-1 protein interactions

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Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Env, gp160, envelope glycoprotein	env	HIV-1 gp160 induces TGF-beta production in human PBMC	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp160 and serum-free macrophage supernatant (MSP) enhance synthesis of type IV collagen by mesangial cells; anti-TGF-beta antibodies attenuate this gp160/MSP-induced collagen synthesis	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Inactivated HIV or gp120 increases HCV replication and enhances HCV-regulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis in human proximal renal tubular cells is significantly enhanced by p300, and Smad7 and an anti-TGF-beta antibody inhibit this effect of p300	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 and p300 synergistically increase TGF-beta, ATF-2 and activating protein-1 (AP-1) expression leading to tubular cell apoptosis; in addition, HIV-1 gp120 treatment causes phosphorylation of Smad2 and downregulation of c-Jun	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-mediated suppression of CD34+ cell growth is entirely due to an upregulation of endogenous TGF-beta 1	PubMed
Tat, p14	tat	HIV-1 Tat and TGF-beta secretion enhance parasite entry in human macrophages by upregulating surface expression of CD91/LRP-1	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat protein permits the survival and replication of a non-pathogenic trypanosomatid in macrophages through TGF-beta1 production	PubMed
	tat	TGF-beta inhibits/down-modulates HIV-1 Tat-induced IL-8 production	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulation of TGF-beta 1 is likely involved in the regulation of MCP-1 transcription by Tat and the interactions of Tat with Smad-3 and Smad-4, two transcription factors whose activities are induced by the TGF-beta 1 pathway	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates TGF-beta 1 expression in a manner involving IL-6, an effect mediated by Tat amino acids 1-48 and potentially associated with immunosuppression, nephropathy, hematopoietic suppression and glomerulosclerosis	PubMed
Vpr, p15	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr impairs NK cell function through cytokine dysregulation, including diminshed expression of CD107a, reduced production of IFN-gamma, differential regulation of IL-12 and TGF-beta, and activation of the Smad3 signalling pathway	PubMed
capsid	gag	Transforming growth factor-beta1 is involved in the enhanced expression of HIV-1 by nicotine, as measured by p24 antigen levels in culture supernatants	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Source	Pubs	Description
NP_000651.1	NP_000475.1	APP	BIND	PubMed	TGF-beta-1 interacts with Amyloid-beta. This interaction was modelled on a demonstrated interaction between TGF-beta-1 from an unspecified species and consensus Amyloid-beta peptides.
NP_000651.2	NP_004603.1	TGFBR1	BIND	PubMed	TGF-beta-1 interacts with TGF-beta-R-I. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between TGF-beta-1 from an unspecified species and human TGF-beta-R-I.
NP_000651.2	NP_003233.3	TGFBR2	BIND	PubMed	TGF-beta-1 interacts with TGF-beta-R-II. This interaction was modeled on a demonstrated interaction between TGF-beta-1 from an unspecified species and human TGF-beta-R-II.
P01137	P37023	ACVRL1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P05067	APP	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P21810	BGN	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P12643	BMP2	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P12645	BMP3	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P10147	CCL3	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P02458	COL2A1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P29279	CTGF	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q9UER7	DAXX	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P07585	DCN	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q07507	DPT	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q13347	EIF3I	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P17813	ENG	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	O00602	FCN1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q06828	FMOD	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P49354	FNTA	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P06756	ITGAV	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P18564	ITGB6	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P26012	ITGB8	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q9NS15	LTBP3	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Latent TGF beta binding protein 4	LTBP4	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P08253	MMP2	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P20742	PZP	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P34741	SDC2	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P09486	SPARC	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P01137	TGFB1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P61812	TGFB2	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P36897	TGFBR1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P37173	TGFBR2	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q03167	TGFBR3	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P07996	THBS1	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	Q6EMK4	VASN	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P04004	VTN	HPRD	PubMed
P01137	P62258	YWHAE	HPRD	PubMed
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:106609	ACVRL1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:107102	BGN	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:107677	COL2A1	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108002	DCN	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:114217	EIF3I	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108374	EPS15	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108513	FCN1	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-purification
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108570	FKBP1A	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108618	FMOD	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:108625	FNTA	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110106	LAMB1	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110230	LTBP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110457	MMP2	BioGRID	PubMed	Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110461	MMP9	BioGRID	PubMed	Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:119157	PARD6A	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:111796	PZP	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110262	SMAD2	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-localization
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110263	SMAD3	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-localization
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:110267	SMAD7	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:122864	SNIP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:112900	TGFB2	BioGRID	PubMed	Two-hybrid
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:112904	TGFBR1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:112906	TGFBR2	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:112907	TGFBR3	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:114792	TGFBRAP1	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:112915	THBS1	BioGRID	PubMed	Co-purification
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:113164	UBC	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:125406	VASN	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:113287	VTN	BioGRID	PubMed	Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:112898	BioGRID:113363	YWHAE	BioGRID	PubMed	Affinity Capture-Western; Reconstituted Complex

Pathways from BioSystems

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ACE Inhibitor Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
ACE Inhibitor Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe core of this pathway was elucidated over a century ago and involves the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (Ang I) by renin, its subsequent conversion to angiotensin II (Ang II) by an...
ALK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ALK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
ALK1 signaling events
Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemFactors involved in the induction of cardiac differentiation in vitro and in vivo. This model was based on the below two review articles.
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). Regulation of the cell cycle involves processes crucial to the survival of a c...
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
Cell cycle, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, conserved biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystemChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) originates in a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell of the bone marrow and is characterized by greatly increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood. Myeloid and ot...
Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystemChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) originates in a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell of the bone marrow and is characterized by greatly increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood. Myeloid and ot...
Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
DNA damage response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
DNA damage response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystemThis is the second pathway out of two pathways which deals with DNA damage response. It has two central gene products (ATM and TP53) which are connected with the first DNA damage response pathway. In...
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystemTGF-beta receptor signaling is downregulated by proteasome and lysosome-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated TGFBR1, SMAD2 and SMAD3, as well as by dephosphorylation of TGFBR1, SMAD2 and SMAD3. In t...
Elastic fibre formation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Elastic fibre formation, organism-specific biosystemElastic fibres (EF) are a major structural constituent of dynamic connective tissues such as large arteries and lung parenchyma, where they provide essential properties of elastic recoil and resilien...
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem
Endochondral Ossification
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
Endocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, conserved biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
Extracellular matrix organization, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Extracellular matrix organization, organism-specific biosystemThe extracellular matrix is a component of all mammalian tissues, a network consisting largely of the fibrous proteins collagen, elastin, fibronectin and laminin embedded in a viscoelastic gel of ani...
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem
Glypican 1 network
HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystemInfection of a human host cell with influenza virus triggers an array of host processes that interfere with viral replication, notably the production of type I interferon. The viral NS1 protein plays...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
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IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem
IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4
IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
IL27-mediated signaling events
Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystemFor centuries influenza epidemics have plagued man, and influenza was probably the disease described by Hippocrates in 412 BC. Today it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with...
Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza A virus induces apoptosis in a variety of ways including activation of host TGF-beta by expression of viral NA, M1 and M2 proteins, and by the binding of viral PB1-F2 to host mitochondrial ...
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemIL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the gp130 family. It was first isolated from a primate bone marrow derived cell line, PU-34 for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of a pla...
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lin...
Molecules associated with elastic fibres, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Molecules associated with elastic fibres, organism-specific biosystemProteins found associated with microfibrils include vitronectin (Dahlback et al. 1990), latent transforming growth factor beta-binding proteins (Kielty et al. 2002, Munger & Sheppard 2011), emilin (B...
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of Telomerase
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex, organism-specific biosystemThe TGF-beta/BMP pathway incorporates several signaling pathways that share most, but not all, components of a central signal transduction engine. The general signaling scheme is rather simple: upon ...
Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that...
Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events
TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TCR Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is composed of a ligand-binding subunit, the ? and ? chains, and a signaling subunit, namely the CD3?, ? and ? chains and the TCR? chain. This complex partic...
TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemTranscription Factors that possibly regulate the expression of microRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy. Interactions found by using TransMir. MicroRNAs are represented by a purple color and a rounde...
TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TGF Beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiat...
TGF-beta Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TGF-beta Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem"The TGF beta receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 belong to a subfamily of membrane-bound serine/threonine kinases which are designated as Type I or II based on their structural and functional properties. Th...
TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem
TGF-beta receptor signaling
TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs, organism-specific biosystemBinding of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1, i.e. TGFB1) to TGF beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) activates TGF beta receptor signaling cascade. TGFB1 is posttranslationally processed by fur...
TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), organism-specific biosystemIn normal cells and in the early stages of cancer development, signaling by TGF-beta plays a tumor suppressive role, as SMAD2/3:SMAD4-mediated transcription inhibits cell division by downregulating M...
TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcriptional Regulation of White Adipocyte Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemAdipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. During this process the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets and develo...
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:624780 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158357

GDB:624783 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158358

TGFB1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:498077

STS-X02812 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:19102

RH76684 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:90301

Genotypes

See TGFB1 SNP Geneview Report
See TGFB1 SNP Genotype Report
See TGFB1 SNP Variation Viewer Report

Homology

Homologs of the TGFB1 gene: The TGFB1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish.
Map Viewer (Mouse, Rat)
OrthoDB: The Hierarchical Catalog of Eukaryotic Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
eukaryotic cell surface binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein N-terminus binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein heterodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
ATP biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
MAPK cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
SMAD protein complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
SMAD protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
T cell homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
active induction of host immune response by virus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
aging	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
blood coagulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell cycle arrest	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cell death	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell-cell junction organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular calcium ion homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
chondrocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
digestive tract development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
embryo development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
endoderm development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular matrix assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular matrix organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
face morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
female pregnancy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
frontal suture morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
germ cell migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
hyaluronan catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
induction of apoptosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
inner ear development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
lens fiber cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
lymph node development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
mammary gland branching involved in thelarche	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
mitotic cell cycle checkpoint	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mononuclear cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
myelination	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
myeloid dendritic cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of DNA replication	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of T cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell cycle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell growth	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of ossification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of phagocytosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
organ regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
ossification involved in bone remodeling	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
platelet activation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
platelet degranulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of bone mineralization	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info
positive regulation of exit from mitosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of fibroblast migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of histone acetylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of histone deacetylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of odontogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
protein export from nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
protein import into nucleus, translocation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
protein kinase B signaling cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info
protein phosphorylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
receptor catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of cartilage development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of cell migration	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of protein import into nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of sodium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of striated muscle tissue development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulatory T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to cholesterol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to drug	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to estradiol stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to glucose stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to laminar fluid shear stress	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to progesterone stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to radiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to vitamin D	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to wounding	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
salivary gland morphogenesis	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
tolerance induction to self antigen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
ureteric bud development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
viral infectious cycle	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
virus-host interaction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
Golgi lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
axon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell surface	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
colocalizes_with microvillus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
proteinaceous extracellular matrix	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: transforming growth factor beta-1

Names: transforming growth factor beta-1; TGF-beta-1; TGF-beta 1 protein; latency-associated peptide

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_013364.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..28020

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_000660.4 → NP_000651.3 transforming growth factor beta-1 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AI304490, BC022242, BP267938, DA935180

Consensus CDS

CCDS33031.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01137

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00019
Location:290 – 390
Blast Score: 336

TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

pfam00688
Location:28 – 261
Blast Score: 311

TGFb_propeptide; TGF-beta propeptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000019.9 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

Range

41836812..41859831, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate HuRef

Genomic

AC_000151.1 Alternate HuRef

Range

38268902..38291920, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate CHM1_1.0

Genomic

NC_018930.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

Range

42025070..42048093, complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Nucleotide		Protein
Heading	Accession and Version	Protein
genomic	ABBA01040804.1 (580..23397)	None
genomic	ABBA01040805.1	None
genomic	AC011462.4 (77052..100217)	None
genomic	AMYH01009819.1 (139765..162788)	None
genomic	AY059373.2	AAL27646.2
genomic	AY330201.1	AAQ18641.1
genomic	AY330202.1	AAQ18642.1
genomic	AY576687.1	AAT77143.1
genomic	AY576688.1	AAT77144.1
genomic	AY871232.1	AAX59016.1
genomic	AY871233.1	AAX59017.1
genomic	AY871234.1	AAX59018.1
genomic	AY871235.1	AAX59019.1
genomic	AY871236.1	AAX59020.1
genomic	AY871237.1	AAX59021.1
genomic	AY871238.1	AAX59022.1
genomic	AY871239.2	AAX59023.1
genomic	AY871240.2	AAX59024.1
genomic	AY871241.1	AAX59025.1
genomic	AY871242.1	AAX59026.1
genomic	AY871243.1	AAX59027.1
genomic	AY871244.1	AAX59028.1
genomic	AY871245.1	AAX59029.1
genomic	CH471126.1	EAW57032.1
		EAW57033.1
genomic	CQ759646.1	CAF32686.1
genomic	CS674262.1	CAP12291.1
genomic	CS805735.1	CAP40172.1
genomic	HC919732.1	CBN73463.1
genomic	HC919943.1	CBN73468.1
genomic	JA104601.1	CCA63970.1
genomic	X05839.1	CAA29283.1
mRNA	AI304490.1	None
mRNA	AK291907.1	BAF84596.1
mRNA	AK307742.1	None
mRNA	AY820829.1	AAV71148.1
mRNA	BC000125.1	AAH00125.1
mRNA	BC001180.1	AAH01180.1
mRNA	BC022242.1	AAH22242.1
mRNA	BP267938.1	None
mRNA	BT007245.1	AAP35909.1
mRNA	DA935180.1	None
mRNA	M38449.1	AAA36735.1
mRNA	X02812.1	CAA26580.1
other-genetic	EU832132.1	ACE87482.1
other-genetic	EU832225.1	ACE86795.1