- Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
- Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation, organism-specific biosystemIntracellular foreign or aberrant host proteins are cleaved into peptide fragments of a precise size, such that they can be loaded on to class I MHC molecules and presented externally to cytotoxic T ...
- Cellular response to hypoxia, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular response to hypoxia, organism-specific biosystemOxygen plays a central role in the functioning of human cells: it is both essential for normal metabolism and toxic. To begin the annotation of stress responses in Reactome, we have annotated one asp...
- Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystemCells are subject to external molecular and physical stresses such as foreign molecules that perturb metabolic or signaling processes, and changes in temperature or pH. The ability of cells and tissu...
- Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation, organism-specific biosystemMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules play an important role in cell mediated immunity by reporting on intracellular events such as viral infection, the presence of intracellular b...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- ECS complex, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
ECS complex, organism-specific biosystemStructural complex; Genetic information processing; Ubiquitin system
- ECS complex, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
ECS complex, conserved biosystemStructural complex; Genetic information processing; Ubiquitin system
- ECV complex, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
ECV complex, organism-specific biosystemStructural complex; Genetic information processing; Ubiquitin system
- Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat, organism-specific biosystemThis HIV-1 event was inferred from the corresponding human RNA Poll II transcription event in Reactome. The details relevant to HIV-1 are described below. For a more detailed description of the gener...
- Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex in the absence of HIV-1 Tat, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex in the absence of HIV-1 Tat, organism-specific biosystem
Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex in the absence of HIV-1 Tat
- Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex, organism-specific biosystemTFIIS is a transcription factor involved in different phases of transcription, occurring in a major ubiquitous form and other tissue specific forms. TFIIS stimulates RNA Pol II complex out of elonga...
- Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemGene Expression covers the pathways by which genomic DNA is transcribed to yield RNA, the regulation of these transcription processes, and the pathways by which newly-made RNA Transcripts are process...
- HIF-1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HIF-1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. It consists of two subunits: an inducibly-expressed HIF-1alpha subunit and a c...
- HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network
- HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystemThe global pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has resulted in tens of millions of people infected by the virus and millions more affected. UNAIDS estimates around 40 million ...
- HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe life cycle of HIV-1 is divided into early and late phases, shown schematically in the figure. In the early phase, an HIV-1 virion binds to receptors and co-receptors on the human host cell surfac...
- HIV-1 Transcription Elongation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV-1 Transcription Elongation, organism-specific biosystemIn the absence of the HIV-1 protein Tat, transcription of the proviral DNA is inefficient and results in the production of truncated transcripts (Kao et al., 1987). While initiation of transcription ...
- HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery, organism-specific biosystemRNA Pol II arrest is believed to be a result of irreversible backsliding of the enzyme by ~7-14 nucleotides. TFIIS reactivates arrested RNA Pol II by promoting the excision of nascent transcript ~7-...
- Host Interactions of HIV factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Host Interactions of HIV factors, organism-specific biosystemLike all viruses, HIV-1 must co-opt the host cell macromolecular transport and processing machinery. HIV-1 Vpr and Rev proteins play key roles in this co-optation. Efficient HIV-1 replication likewis...
- Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha, organism-specific biosystem
Hypoxic and oxygen homeostasis regulation of HIF-1-alpha
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe late phase of the HIV-1 life cycle includes the regulated expression of the HIV gene products and the assembly of viral particles. The assembly of viral particles will be covered in a later relea...
- Oxygen-dependent Proline Hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Oxygen-dependent Proline Hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha, organism-specific biosystemHIF-alpha subunits, comprising HIF1A (Bruick and McKnight 2001, Ivan et al. 2001, Jaakkola et al. 2001), HIF2A (Percy et al. 2008, Furlow et al. 2009), and HIF3A (Maynard et al. 2003), are hydroxylat...
- Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
- Pausing and recovery of HIV-1 elongation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Pausing and recovery of HIV-1 elongation, organism-specific biosystemAfter Pol II pauses by back tracking 2 -4 nuleotides on the HIV-1 template, elongation of the HIV-1 transcript resumes.
- Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation, organism-specific biosystemAfter Pol II pauses by back tracking 2 -4 nuleotides on the HIV-1 template, elongation of the HIV-1 transcript resumes.
- RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events, organism-specific biosystem
RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events
- RNA Polymerase II Transcription, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription, organism-specific biosystem
RNA Polymerase II Transcription
- RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation, organism-specific biosystemThe mechanisms governing the process of elongation during eukaryotic mRNA synthesis are being unraveled by recent studies. These studies have led to the expected discovery of a diverse collection of ...
- Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) by Oxygen, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) by Oxygen, organism-specific biosystemIn the presence of oxygen members of the transcription factor family HIF-alpha, comprising HIF1A, HIF2A (EPAS1), and HIF3A, are hydroxylated on proline residues by PHD1 (EGLN2), PHD2 (EGLN1), and PHD...
- Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
- Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
- Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Tat-mediated HIV-1 elongation arrest and recovery, organism-specific biosystemRNA Pol II arrest is believed to be a result of irreversible backsliding of the enzyme by ~7-14 nucleotides. TFIIS reactivates arrested RNA Pol II by promoting the excision of nascent transcript ~7-...
- Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript, organism-specific biosystemThe Tat protein is a viral transactivator protein that regulates HIV-1 gene expression by controlling RNA Pol II-mediated elongation (reviewed in Karn 1999; Taube et al. 1999; Liou et al. 2004; Barb...
- Transcription of the HIV genome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcription of the HIV genome, organism-specific biosystemExpression of the integrated HIV-1 provirus is dependent on the host cell Pol II transcription machinery, but is regulated in critical ways by HIV-1 Tat and Rev proteins. The long terminal repeats (L...
- Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, organism-specific biosystemProtein ubiquitination plays an important role in eukaryotic cellular processes. It mainly functions as a signal for 26S proteasome dependent protein degradation. The addition of ubiquitin to protein...
- Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, conserved biosystemProtein ubiquitination plays an important role in eukaryotic cellular processes. It mainly functions as a signal for 26S proteasome dependent protein degradation. The addition of ubiquitin to protein...
- Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G, organism-specific biosystemThe HIV-1 accessory protein Vif (Viral infectivity factor) is required for the efficient infection of primary cell populations (e.g., lymphocytes and macrophages) and ââ?¬Å?non-permissiveââ?¬Â? cel...