Display Settings:

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
We are sorry, but NCBI web applications do not support your browser and may not function properly. More information

    CCL3 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6348, updated on 18-May-2013
    Official Symbol
    CCL3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:10627
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000006075; HPRD:01656; MIM:182283; Vega:OTTHUMG00000133000
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MIP1A; SCYA3; G0S19-1; LD78ALPHA; MIP-1-alpha
    Summary
    This locus represents a small inducible cytokine. The encoded protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, plays a role in inflammatory responses through binding to the receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. Polymorphisms at this locus may be associated with both resistance and susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]
    Location :
    17q12
    Sequence :
    Chromosome: 17; NC_000017.10 (34415602..34417506, complement)
    See CCL3 in Epigenomics, MapViewer

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 Neighboring gene chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated) Neighboring gene chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Neighboring gene golgi membrane protein 1 pseudogene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions What's a GeneRIF?

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env The CCR5 chemokine receptor is required for the entry of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 into target cells; the HIV-1 gp120-CD4 complex binds CCR5, which inhibits the binding of the natural CCR5 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 binding causes increased expression of CCL3 in T cells PubMed
    env Exposure of macrophages to purified CCR5- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces secretion of high levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor alpha PubMed
    env NK cells exposed to CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 gp120 produce lower levels of CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta compared with that produced from untreated NK cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 from a T-cell-tropic virus causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CXCR4 response to SDF-1alpha, whereas gp120 from macrophage-tropic viruses causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CCR5 response to MIP-1alpha PubMed
    env The neuroprotective action of VIP on gp120-induced neuronal cell death is attenuated by co-treatment with anti-MIP-1alpha, suggesting that the neuroprotective action of VIP is linked in part to its release of MIP-1alpha PubMed
    env The chemokine receptor CCR5 is posttranslationally modified by sulfation of its N-terminal tyrosines; sulfated tyrosines contribute to the binding of CCR5 to MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and HIV-1 gp120/CD4 complexes and to the ability of HIV-1 to enter cells PubMed
    env N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenyl-alanine binding to formyl peptide receptor (FPR) results in significant attenuation of cell responses to CCR5 ligands and in inhibition of HIV-1 gp120-mediated fusion and infection of cells expressing CD4, CCR5, and FPR PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env HIV-1 gp41 stimulates microglial cell production of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha) PubMed
    Gag, Pr55 gag HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release GM-CSF and MIP-1alpha in a dose-and time-dependent manner PubMed
    Nef, p27 nef HIV-1 Nef impairs the mobility of primary CD4+ lymphocytes and inhibits chemotaxis of primary T cells to CCL3 PubMed
    nef The expression of HIV-1 Nef in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) increases the concentration of MIP-1alpha PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef expression by immature human and macaque dendritic cells (DCs) upregulates IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CXCL8, CCL3, and CCL4 release, but without upregulating co-stimulatory and other molecules characteristic of mature DCs PubMed
    Tat, p14 tat HIV-1 Tat enhances the NFkappaB activity and promotes the transcriptional activation of MIP-1alpha by interacting with IkappaB-alpha and p65 RelA PubMed
    tat Wild-type Tat but not Cys-22 and oxidized Tat induces CD1A-expressing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) maturation and increases the production of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-12, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates MIP-1alpha expression in microglia, MDDC, and T and B cell lines, an effect that suggests Tat plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis and AIDS associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates MIP-1alpha expression in Jurkat T-cells by inducing MNP-1 PubMed
    Vpr, p15 vpr HIV-1 Vpr downregulates the expression of beta chemokines in primary lymphocytes and macrophage, including MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 Matrix is able to reduce MIP-1alpha secretion from IL-15-stimulated monocyte cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description
    NC_000017.9 NP_001697.2 BCL6    BIND  PubMed BCL6 interacts with the CCL3 promoter region. 
    NC_000017.9 NP_006302.2 NCOR1    BIND  PubMed NcoR interacts with the CCL3 promoter region. 
    NC_000017.9 NP_006303.1 NCOR2    BIND  PubMed SMRT interacts with the CCL3 promoter region. 
    P10147 O00590 CCBP2    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P10147 CCL3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 Chemokine, CC motif, ligand 4 CCL4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P32246 CCR1    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P51677 CCR3    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P51679 CCR4    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P51681 CCR5    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P17676 CEBPB    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P10124 SRGN    HPRD  PubMed  
    P10147 P01137 TGFB1    HPRD  PubMed  
    BioGRID:112252 BioGRID:112252 CCL3    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112252 BioGRID:112254 CCL4    BioGRID  PubMed Affinity Capture-MS 
    BioGRID:112252 BioGRID:107638 CCR4    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    BioGRID:112252 BioGRID:107639 CCR5    BioGRID  PubMed Reconstituted Complex 
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
    • Chemokine receptors bind chemokines, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Chemokine receptors bind chemokines, organism-specific biosystemChemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells, which interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. Following interaction, these receptors trigger a flux of i...
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Chemokine signaling pathway, conserved biosystemInflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for th...
    • Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystemRhodopsin-like receptors (class A/1) are the largest group of GPCRs and are the best studied group from a functional and structural point of view. They show great diversity at the sequence level and ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
    • GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystemThere are more than 800 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) in the human genome, making it the largest receptor superfamily. GPCRs are also the largest class of drug targets, involved in virtually all...
    • IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
      IL12-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
      IL12-mediated signaling events
    • Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Peptide ligand-binding receptors, organism-specific biosystemThese receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
    • Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, organism-specific biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Salmonella infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Salmonella infection, conserved biosystemSalmonella infection usually presents as a self-limiting gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever and bacteremia. The common disease-causing Salmonella species in human is a single species, S...
    • Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Senescence and Autophagy, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
    • Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
    • Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
      Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
    • Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
      Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...

    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    CCR1 chemokine receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    CCR5 chemokine receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    chemoattractant activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    chemokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    phospholipase activator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
     
    protein kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    MAPK cascade IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    MAPK cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
     
    T cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    astrocyte cell migration ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    behavior IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    calcium ion transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    calcium-mediated signaling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cell activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cell-cell signaling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cellular calcium ion homeostasis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cellular response to interferon-gamma IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    cellular response to interleukin-1 IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    cellular response to organic cyclic compound IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    cytoskeleton organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    eosinophil chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    eosinophil degranulation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    exocytosis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    granulocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    inflammatory response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    lymphocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    macrophage chemotaxis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    monocyte chemotaxis IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    monocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    negative regulation by host of viral transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    negative regulation of bone mineralization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    negative regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    neutrophil chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    osteoblast differentiation IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
     
    phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    positive chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    positive regulation of calcium ion transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of inflammatory response ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
     
    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    protein kinase B signaling cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
     
    protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    regulation of cell shape IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    regulation of sensory perception of pain IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to cholesterol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    response to toxic substance IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    signaling IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    extracellular region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    intracellular IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Preferred Names
    C-C motif chemokine 3
    Names
    C-C motif chemokine 3
    SIS-beta
    PAT 464.1
    G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 19-1
    macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha
    tonsillar lymphocyte LD78 alpha protein
    small inducible cytokine A3 (homologous to mouse Mip-1a)

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_027730.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..6905
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002983.2NP_002974.1  C-C motif chemokine 3 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BX103455, M23452
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11307.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0N0R1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P10147
      Related
      ENSP00000225245, OTTHUMP00000163953, ENST00000225245, OTTHUMT00000256581
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00272
      Location:3389
      Blast Score: 207
      Chemokine_CC; Chemokine_CC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; some members (e.g. ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 104

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.10 Reference GRCh37.p10 Primary Assembly

      Range
      34415602..34417506, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate HuRef

    Genomic

    1. AC_000149.1 Alternate HuRef

      Range
      30600149..30602053, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate CHM1_1.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_018928.1 Alternate CHM1_1.0

      Range
      37183651..37185555, complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

      Supplemental Content

      Recent activity

      Your browsing activity is empty.

      Activity recording is turned off.

      Turn recording back on

      See more...